{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:15:52Z","timestamp":1789197352560,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS113867\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS113867\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The spinal afferent innervation of the heart helps to regulate cardiac functions by sending sensory information through the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to the brain. However, the distribution and morphology of spinal afferents in the heart are not well characterized due to tracer selections, the surgical access to upper thoracic DRGs, and the thickness of the heart tissues. In this study, we injected tracer dextran biotin (DB) into the left DRGs (C8\u2010T3) of male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (3\u20135 months). After 16 days, flat\u2010mounts of the whole left and right atria were prepared and diaminobenzidine stained. Then, the DB\u2010labeled axons in the tissues were imaged, traced, and digitized using the Neurolucida system. Our results showed that the DB\u2010labeled axons from left DRGs entered the left precaval vein and projected to the left and right atria, with predominant projection in the left atrial wall. DB\u2010labeled varicose axons were observed in different layers, mostly in the epicardium and myocardium, but much less in the endocardium. In those layers, these spinal afferent axons branched out into simple to complex terminal arborizations, forming close appositions with cardiac muscles, intrinsic cardiac ganglia, blood vessels, and fat tissue. This work, for the first time, characterized cardiac spinal afferent distribution of the rat atria using anterograde tracing, which will provide the foundation for future studies of topographical cardiac spinal afferent innervation and remodeling in heart disease models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T09:39:44Z","timestamp":1733132384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Spinal Afferent Innervation From Left Dorsal Root Ganglia in the Flat\u2010Mounts of Whole Atria of Rats: Anterograde Tracing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"532","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8577-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jichao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Central Florida  Orlando Florida 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