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These findings have sparked interest across different research fields with a common goal of understanding and manipulating splenic sympathetic activity to modulate immune function and inflammation. However, the anatomical identification of spleen\u2010projecting neurons in rodents presents a considerable challenge, given the multi\u2010compartmentalized location of their cellular components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article addresses this challenge by providing a detailed anatomical dissection guide of the mouse celiac ganglion and splenic nerve, harboring the cell body and projecting axons, respectively. By combining antero\u2010 and retrograde neuronal tracing, immunofluorescence, 3D reconstruction, and viral tracing techniques, we validate the connectivity between the celiac ganglion and the spleen and provide insights into their microanatomy. Importantly, we demonstrate the feasibility of viral transduction in these neurons. Additionally, we identified nerve\u2010associated macrophages (NAMs) within the splenic nerve and demonstrated their responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. Our findings offer a comprehensive anatomical framework for studying spleen\u2010projecting neurons, paving the way for future investigations into their role in immune regulation and inflammation, as well as their manipulation using advanced neurobiological tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T15:09:38Z","timestamp":1756480178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Macro\u2010 and Microanatomy of the Sympathetic Innervation of the Spleen in Rodents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"533","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho  Braga Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's Associate Lab PT Government Associated Lab  Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es 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