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We observed that PMNT\u2010immunoreactive axons, as well as C1 axons labelled with GFP from viral transduction, innervate most, but not all, sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. GFP\u2010positive C1 axons provided innervation to sympathetic preganglionic neurons that expressed cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, an accepted marker of sympathetic vasomotor neurons. In addition, we observed axons from PNMT\u2010containing and C1 neurons caudal to the distribution of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the sacral spinal cord where they closely apposed parasympathetic preganglionic neurons retrogradely labelled from the major pelvic ganglion. We also found close appositions from PNMT\u2010immunoreactive or GFP\u2010labelled C1 axons on choline acetyltransferase\u2010stained parasympathetic preganglionic neurons activated by the micturition reflex, thus providing clear evidence of a non\u2010cardiovascular target for RVLM C1 neurons. Furthermore, we observed a few PNMT\u2010positive and GFP\u2010positive C1 axons making close appositions with somatic motor neurons in Onuf's nucleus in the sacral cord and in the ventral horn at more rostral levels. These data provide a comprehensive map of the distribution of adrenergic inputs to the spinal cord and identify parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, including those involved in the micturition reflex, as well as sympathetic preganglionic neurons as the major targets for these inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:52:36Z","timestamp":1769853156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RVLM C1 Neurons Innervate Sacral as well as Thoracolumbar Autonomic Preganglionic Neurons in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"534","author":[{"given":"I. J.","family":"Llewellyn\u2010Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine, Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine, Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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