{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:30:17Z","timestamp":1782840617154,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Given the rapidly expanding clinical use of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor (GLP1R) agonists\u2014well\u2010known for their antidiabetic and antiobesity effects\u2014it is increasingly important to understand the precise distribution of GLP1R expression in the human body, as this knowledge is crucial for elucidating both their therapeutic effects and side effects. In this study, we investigated\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression in the human nodose ganglion, a key sensory relay between the periphery and the brain. We analyzed postmortem paraffin\u2010embedded nodose ganglia sections from 10 human donors, using RNAscope analysis. We found that optimal tissue required fixation times under 48\u00a0h and postmortem intervals of approximately 10\u00a0h or less. Ultimately, nine nodose ganglia from six donors met quality standards for analysis. Using multiplex RNAscope, we detected moderate to high levels of\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in approximately 7% of all nodose neurons, with no clear differences between sides, sex, or age. The proportion of neurons with low\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression rose to nearly 28%. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was also observed in nonneuronal cells within the perineurium, epineurium, and fascicles of the human vagus nerve. As a point of comparison, we also examined\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in mice, where 17.9%\u201329.1% of nodose neurons were positive, with slightly higher expression on the right side. In mice,\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was strictly neuronal. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the human nodose ganglion is a potential target for GLP1R\u2010based therapeutics and reveal species similarities and differences in\n                    <jats:italic>Glp1r<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression between humans and mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T15:25:42Z","timestamp":1769873142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Targets in the Human Nodose Ganglion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"534","author":[{"given":"Warda","family":"Merchant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research UT Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Mackaaij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Anatomy University Medical Center  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy G. J.","family":"Cleypool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Specialties, Department of Anatomy University Medical Center  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3609-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Gautron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research UT Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas 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