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Here, we offer a selection of the anatomic, genetic, and developmental features of their efferent component that are often misrepresented, ignored or controversial, as a complement to more exhaustive treatments of the subject. Our description reveals that efferent (or \u201cmotor\u201d) neurons in vertebrates represent a vague anatomic category (such as that of interneurons) rather than a true neuron type; That motor neurons fall into three bona fide types, segregated on the rostro\u2010caudal axis of the central nervous system; That each of the three types is highly related to a type of preganglionic autonomic neuron; and that this genetic and topographical arrangement of three motor\/preganglionic types correlates, not perfectly yet remarkably, with three broad physiological functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:36:17Z","timestamp":1776231377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Little Known Facts, Controversies and Misconceptions About Cranial Motor Nuclei (and a New Classification for All Motoneurons, Cranial, and Spinal)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"534","author":[{"given":"Margaux","family":"Sivori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure PSL Research University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences Macquarie University  Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure PSL Research University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40851-018-0087-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22691-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.44423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1160-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960603)369:3<451::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Progress in Brain Research","author":"B\u00fcttner\u2010Ennever J. 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