{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:29:05Z","timestamp":1787588945330,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The spinal cord plays a central role in sensorimotor integration and exhibits substantial diversity across vertebrates in relation to ecological and behavioral demands. In teleost fish, however, detailed morphological and cellular analyses of the adult spinal cord remain scarce. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the adult spinal cord of the annual fish\n                    <jats:italic>Garcialebias charrua<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a species displaying pronounced environmental adaptation and sexual dimorphism. Using adult males and females, the spinal cord was systematically partitioned into five equally sized rostrocaudal regions (SI\u2013SV) to evaluate regional variation in morphology, neurochemical organization, and cell proliferation. We analyzed gross morphology and cross\u2010sectional features, the distribution and morphology of NADPH\u2010diaphorase\u2013positive (NADP\u2010d\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) neurons as indicators of nitric oxide\u2013related signaling, and proliferative activity using 5\u2010bromo\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxyuridine (BrdU) and 5\u2010ethynyl\u20102\u2032\u2010deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation. Our results reveal marked rostrocaudal heterogeneity in spinal cord morphometry, with dimorphic variation in the segment SIII associated with the dorsal fin, region\u2010specific patterns of NADPH\u2010d\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    neuronal populations, and sustained cell proliferation throughout the entire spinal cord in both gray and white matter. Focused analysis of segment SIII, which exhibits distinctive anatomical features, demonstrated higher proliferative activity in the central canal and dorsal regions compared to ventral areas in both sexes, with males showing significantly increased proliferation across all analyzed regions. Finally, the combination of BrdU labeling with a neuronal lineage marker provides the first evidence of adult spinal cord neurogenesis in\n                    <jats:italic>G. charrua<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings highlight the spinal cord as a dynamic and sexually dimorphic substrate underlying neuroplasticity in annual fishes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.70196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T08:53:47Z","timestamp":1787129627000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of the Spinal Cord of the Annual Fish\n                    <i>Garcialebias charrua:<\/i>\n                    Morphology, Cell Proliferation, and NADPH\u2010Diaphorase Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"534","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1274-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Silva\u2010Jaureguiberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Lab. Neurobiolog\u00eda Comparada Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE)  Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3188-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Herrera\u2010Astoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Lab. Neurobiolog\u00eda Comparada Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE)  Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay"},{"name":"Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2974-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Berrosteguieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Lab. Neurobiolog\u00eda Comparada Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE)  Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay"},{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica ESFUNO, Facultad de Enfermer\u00eda Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica (UdelaR)  Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0497-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Rosillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Lab. Neurobiolog\u00eda Comparada Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE)  Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay"},{"name":"Unidad de Microscopia Electr\u00f3nica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica (UdelaR)  Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5156-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabel Sonia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurociencias Integrativas y Computacionales, Lab. 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