{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1791511300230,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9201,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new type of neuron was recognized in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish <jats:italic>(Carassius auratus)<\/jats:italic> by means of light and high voltage electron microscopy of Golgi\u2010impregnated material, combined Golgi\u2010electron microscopy, and electron microscopy of serial thin sections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The neuron is located in the layer between the olfactory nerve layer and the anterior olfactory nucleus. It has a spherical cell body, about 10\u201320 \u03bcm in diameter, and several dendrites which form a spherical dendritic field, about 70\u2013100 \u03bcm in diameter, in the vicinity of the cell body.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The most remarkable structural feature of this neuron is that its initial unmyelinated portion of the axon (IP) has elaborate protrusions with many synapses. The IP can be divided into three parts, parts 1, 2 and 3, based on its structural features.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Part 1 is the initial part of the IP, about 20\u201340 \u03bcm in length. Many elaborate protrusions arise from the shaft and intermingle with one another to constitute a spherical field, about 20\u201340 \u03bcm in diameter, around the shaft. Part 2 is the middle part of the IP, about 10\u201320 \u03bcm in length. There are several collaterallike protrusions, which are scattered along the shaft and extend laterally about 5\u201315 \u03bcm. Part 3 is the last part of the IP, and is cylindrical without protrusions. The length of part 3 varies from 20 to more than 100 \u03bcm. The axon acquires a myelin sheath at a distance of 70\u2013250 \u03bcm from its origin.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Protrusions make synaptic contacts mainly with granule cell dendrites. Some of them are of the reciprocal type. Protrusions are presynaptic in asymmetrical synapses, and postsynaptic in symmetrical synapses with granule cell dendrites. The shaft of the IP also has synapses similar to those on protrusions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The neuron described is a new type of neuron in the vertebrate central nervous system. We propose for it the name \u201cruffed cell\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901860302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T23:09:35Z","timestamp":1104620975000},"page":"301-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Ruffed cell: A new type of neuron with a distinctive initial unmyelinated portion of the axon in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish <i>(Carassius auratus)<\/i>. I. Golgi impregnation and serial thin sectioning studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Toshio","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Hama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900980206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/72.2.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470715369.ch10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-85986-1_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Structure and Function in the Nervous System of Invertebrates","author":"Bullock T. H.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Observations on the ultrastructure of the axon hillock and initial axon segment of lumbosacral motoneurons in the cat","volume":"332","author":"Conradi S.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta. Physiol. Scand. (Suppl.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Observations on the ultrastructure of the initial motoraxon segment and dorsal root boutons on the motoneurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat during postnatal development","volume":"333","author":"Conradi S.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand. (suppl.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01261505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90263-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc1950.24.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90821-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Histology","author":"Jones E. G.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.5.2.495","article-title":"Synapses on the axon hillocks and initial segments of pyramidal cell axons in the cerebral cortex","volume":"5","author":"Jones E. G.","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Cell. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1971.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"384","article-title":"A photographic presentation on the initial segment of an anterior horn neuron in the cat","volume":"19","author":"Kojima T.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Electron Micros."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90158-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosaka T. andK.Hama (1979 in preparation)Ruffed cell: A new type of neuron with a distinctive initial unmyelinated portion of the axon in the olfactory bulb of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). II. Fine structure of the ruffed cell.","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901860302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(69)90037-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Progress in Brain Research","author":"Nieuwenhuys R.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.12.2.385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.38.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.4.3.233"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: The Neurons and Supporting Cell","author":"Peters A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.39.3.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90424-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.9.2.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.9.2.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.9.2.379","article-title":"The neuropil of the periglomerular region of the olfactory bulb","volume":"9","author":"Pinching A. J.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901350404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.7.1.91","article-title":"The morphology of the granule cells of the olfactory bulb","volume":"7","author":"Price J. L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.7.1.125","article-title":"The synaptology of the granule cells of the olfactory bulb","volume":"7","author":"Price J. L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.7.1.157","article-title":"An electron\u2010microscopic study of the termination of the afferent fibers to the olfactory bulb from the cerbral hemisphere","volume":"7","author":"Price J. L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.7.3.631","article-title":"The mitral and short axon cells of the olfactory bolb","volume":"7","author":"Price J. L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(66)90023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Histologie du syst\u00e8me nerveux de l'homme et des vert\u00e8br\u00e9s","author":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S.","year":"1911"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"The initial segment of DSCT (Dorsal Spinc\u2010Cerebellar Tract) neurons in the cat","volume":"21","author":"Saito K.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Electron Micros."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900220301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"The synaptic organization of the brain","author":"Shepherd G. M.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology. Section I: The Nervous System","author":"Shepherd G. M.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90602-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Neurobiology of cerebellar evolution and development","author":"Sotelo C.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091530409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674864559"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.53.1.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/10520297209116485","article-title":"Superficial warming of epoxy blocks for cutting of 125\u2013510 \u03bcm sections to be resecetioned in the 40\u201390 nm range","volume":"47","author":"West R. W.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Stain Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901390306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901520302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90346-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90792-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.901860302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.901860302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T23:13:22Z","timestamp":1699830802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.901860302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.901860302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.901860302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,8]]}}}