{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T21:50:31Z","timestamp":1726005031758},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8699,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tritiated thymidine (<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010TdR) injected before a stab wound of the spinal cord or transection of the hypoglossal nerve has resulted in many labeled reactive cells in the CNS after injury, most of which have the ultrastructural features of microglia. To test for the possible origin of these labeled cells from monocytes, we examined them for the presence of sodium, fluoride\u2010 (NaF) sensitive non\u2010specific esterase (NSE), an enzyme characteristic of monocytes. Some of the labeled cells in stab wounds had NaF\u2010sensitive NSE, but no such cells were found in the nucleus of the injured hypoglossal nerve. To test for the possibility that the NSE\u2010negative labeled cells had been labeled by reutilization of <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010TdR, we used <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u20105\u2010iodo\u20102'deoxyuridine (<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010UdR), a thymidine analogue with a much lower rate or reutilization, to label blood mononuclear cells prior to either a spinal cord stab wound or hypoglossal axotomy. The number of labeled cells was decreased in the spinal cord wound, but more than half were NSE\u2010negative. No labeled blood mononuclear cells were found in the hypoglossal nucleus, although there was no decrease in the hyperplasia of unlabeled non\u2010neuronal cells. When <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010UdR was injected on the fourth day after hypoglossal axotomy, or when both <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010TdR and <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010RdR were injected simultaneously before hypoglossal axotomy, many labeled cells were found in the hypoglosaal nucleus, indicating that <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010UdR can be used by the reactive cells and that it did not inhibit their proliferation. Therefore, the microglial cells that proliferate in response to peripheral nerve injury are not recently derived from any type of circulating large blood mononuclear cell. The most likely explanation for the presence of the <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010TdR\u2010labeled cells in the nucleus of the injured hypoglossal nerve in that they were proliferating intrinsic labeled by reutilization of <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010TdR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901940408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T20:56:13Z","timestamp":1104612973000},"page":"829-844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Non\u2010specific esterase activity in reactive cells in injured nervous tissue labeled with <sup>3<\/sup>H\u2010Thymidine or <sup>125<\/sup>Iododeoxyuridine injected before injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Schelper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Erle K.","family":"Adrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001230307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091660108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196210000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901510102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901800412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(62)90040-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology","author":"Baldwin F.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071183","article-title":"An immunological approach to regeneration in the central nervous system","volume":"30","author":"Berry M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.3.1.89","article-title":"Duration of availability of tritiated thymidine following intraperitoneal injection","volume":"3","author":"Blenkinsopp W. K.","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00325030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(62)90044-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Juxtavascular karyokinesis and microglia cell proliferation during retrograde reaction in the mouse facial nucleus","volume":"38","author":"Cammermeyer J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ergebn. Anat. Entwicklungsgesch."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Histiocytes, juxtavascular mitotic cells and microglia cells during retrograde changes in the facial nucleus of rabbits of varying age","volume":"38","author":"Cammermeyer J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ergebn. Anat. Entwicklungsgesch."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90104-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"1817","article-title":"A biochemical and autoradiographic study of the in vivo utilization of tritiated thymidine in regenerating rat liver","volume":"25","author":"Chang L. O.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(79)90167-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"827","article-title":"Reutilization of 125I\u20105\u2010iodo\u20102'\u2010deoxyuridine as compared to 3H\u2010thymidine in mouse ducdenum and mammary tumor","volume":"44","author":"Dethlefson L. A.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"895","article-title":"Studies on the relation between microglia, histiocytes, and monocytes","volume":"11","author":"Dunning H. S.","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"573","article-title":"Differences in reutilization of thymidine in hemopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues of the normal mouse","volume":"6","author":"Feinendegen L. E.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Kinet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90262-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000144102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"585","article-title":"Organophosphate\u2010resistant esterase, acid phosphatese and deta\u2010galactosidase activites in the inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion and dorsal vagal nucleus of th monkey following cervical vagotomy","volume":"99","author":"Fisher A. W. F.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Anta."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujita S. andT.Kitamura(1975) Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the so\u2010called microglia.Acta Neuropathol. (Suppl.) (Berlin) VI p.291\u2013296.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-08456-4_51"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Progress in Neuropathology","author":"Fujita S.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901290304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.44.5.476","article-title":"Cellular proliferation in the mouse as revealed by autoradiography with tritiated thymidine","volume":"44","author":"Hughes W. L.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sce. USA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"640","article-title":"Deoxyribonucleic acid metabolism in vivo. I. Cell proliferation and death as measured by incorporation and elimination of idododeoxyuridene","volume":"23","author":"Hughes W. L.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196610000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901740205","article-title":"Presence of labeled monocytes, macrophages and microglia in a stab wound of the brain following an injection of bone marrow cells labeled with 3H\u2010uridine into rats","volume":"74","author":"Imamoto K.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol., Origin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901800109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Inflammatory response to viral infestions","volume":"49","author":"Johnson R. I.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Res. Publ. Assolc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Des."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901510303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Kitamura T. andS.Fujita(1975) The role of hematogenous cells in alterations of mouse brains following stab wounding inoculation of Japanese encephalitis virus and retrograde degeneration of facial nucleus. VII Int. Cong. Neuropathol. Excerpta Medica Amsterdam pp.37\u201340."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197207000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691636"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Autoradiographic studies of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) turnover in the feline neuroxis","volume":"8","author":"Koenig H.","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Histochem, Cytochem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196310000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196307000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"\u00dcber perineuronalen Mikrogliazellen (Autoradiographische Untersuchungen)","author":"Krutzberg G. W.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Suppl.) (Berlin)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000142473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Some aspects of amoeboid microglia in the corpus callosum and neighboring regions f neonatal rats","volume":"121","author":"Ling E.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Anta."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"632","article-title":"Light and Electron microspcopic demonstration of some lysosomal enzymes in the amoeboid microglia in neonatal rat brain","volume":"123","author":"Ling E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Brain macrophages in rats following intravenous labeling of mononuclear leucocytes with colloidal carbon","volume":"125","author":"Ling E.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Ant."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"847","article-title":"Transformation of monocytes into amoeboid microglia and into microglia in the corpus callosum of postnatal rats, as shown by labeling monocytes by carbon particles","volume":"12","author":"Ling E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197204000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"DNA turnover and thymidine re\u2010utilization in mouse tissues","volume":"9","author":"Myers D. K.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Kinet."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection, and Pathology","author":"Oehmichen M.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46385-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(74)90218-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-8165(74)80093-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197601000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1977.9.issue-2.06","article-title":"Uptake of 5(125I)iodo\u20102\u2010deoxyuridine (IDU) in plasma and cerbrospinal fluid in a case of herpes encephalitis with a comparative study on the uptake in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Paulsen E.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02889204","article-title":"Cellular reactions to small cerebral stab wounds in the rat frontal lobe, and ultrastructural study","volume":"22","author":"Perrson L.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. (Cell Pathol.)"},{"issue":"67","key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Identification of reactive cells in the injured brain","volume":"57","author":"Perrson L. I.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964366","article-title":"Demonstration of cross reaction between anti\u2010macrophage antibodies and mononuclear mesodermal cells","volume":"35","author":"Perrson L. I.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: the Neurons and Supporting Cells","author":"Peters A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197204000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(59)90063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungen der Neuroglia im Nucleus originis nervi hypoglossi nach mechanischer Basch\u00e4dignung des Nervus hypoglssus","volume":"65","author":"Rapo\u0161 M.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Z. Milrosk. Anat. Forsch."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.13.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.142.3590.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V26.3.281.281","article-title":"Leukocyte labeling in rats during and after continuous infusion of tritiated thymidine: implications for lymphocyte longevity and DNA reutilization","volume":"26","author":"Robinson S. H.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104111","article-title":"The metabolism and fate of tritiated thymidine in man J","volume":"39","author":"Rubini J. R.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Clin. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"The cytochemistry of monocytes an macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Schmalzl F.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ser. Haemat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1177\/9.5.504","article-title":"Role of esteratic inhibition on localization of exterase an the simultaneous cytochemical demonstration of inhibitor sensitive and resistant enzyme species","volume":"9","author":"Shnitka T. K.","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for Behavioral Sciences","author":"Siegel S.","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02141981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347712"},{"issue":"270","key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on the glial cells in the hypoglossal nucleus of the rabbit during nerve regeneration and morphologic changes in glia cells during regeneration","volume":"67","author":"Sj\u00f6strand J.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Physiol., Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","first-page":"585","article-title":"Glial and lymphoid cell response to tumor implantation in mouse brain","volume":"25","author":"Smith C. W.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Tex. Rep. Biol., Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","volume-title":"Biometry\u2013The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research","author":"Sokal R. P.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/202456a0","article-title":"Availability of tritiated thymidine after intravenous administration","volume":"202","author":"Staroscik R. N.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197210000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197408000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01104033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197201000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"The relationship between microglia and brain macrophages. Experimental investigations","author":"Torvik A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Neurophthol. (Suppl.) (Berlin)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00685059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90125-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Infiltration and transformation of lymphoid cells in areas of spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Walker B. E.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Tex Rep Biol., Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Prolonged availability of 3H\u2010thymidine following perenteral administration","volume":"190","author":"Williams R. P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","first-page":"206A","article-title":"Tritiated thymidine: systemic reutilization in the mouse","volume":"196","author":"Williams R. P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197907000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197701000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197705000-00005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.901940408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.901940408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T04:01:40Z","timestamp":1699848100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.901940408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,12,15]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.901940408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.901940408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,12,15]]}}}