{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T05:41:40Z","timestamp":1697780500947},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7670,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>spastic<\/jats:italic> mutant axolotl shows abnormal swimming behavior, which includes a preponderance of \u201cembryonic\u201d swimming elements (<jats:italic>coils<\/jats:italic>) versus mature swimming elements (<jats:italic>sinusoids<\/jats:italic>) and a failure to entrain sinusoids into a prolonged swimming sequence. The mutant also shows anatomical disorganization in the area acousticolateralis and cerebellar auricle, but it is unclear (1) to what extent the behavioral abnormalities are traceable to the vestibulocerebellar defect or (2) how the vestibulocerebellar pathway modulates swimming behavior in the normal axolotl. We have performed quantitative cine analysis of electric shock\u2010induced swimming bouts in normal axolotls, <jats:italic>spastic<\/jats:italic> mutants, and a variety of neurosurgically altered wild\u2010type axolotls. We scored the incidence of coil elements (25% in controls, 70\u201090% in spastics) versus sinusoid elements, as well as length distributions of coil\u2010free intervals (short to long trains of sinusoidal swimming) and of sinusoid\u2010free intervals (of brief to prolonged coiling). We found that bilateral VHIth nerve lesions or surgical undercutting of the cerebellar auricle in wild\u2010type axolotls almost exactly reproduced the behavioral deficit seen in spastic (75\u201081% coils, loss of long sinusoid trains, and appearance of prolonged coiling intervals at least some of which coupled several coils into trains of thrashing behavior). By contrast, neither complete transection of the CNS at low midbrain levels nor section of cranial nerves V, VII, or X (lateral line) resulted in an increased incidence of coil elements beyond 26% nor significantly altered the length distributions of S\u2010intervals and C\u2010intervals. Nor did any of the latter lesions disrupt the spasticlike swimming patterns of axolots already subjected to auricle or VIIIth nerve lesions. Our data suggest that <jats:italic>spastic<\/jats:italic> behavior is attributable to some defect(s) in the vestibulocerebellar pathway, and that this pathway plays a rather subtle role in the control of swimming that involves, among other features, the selection and entrainment of mature swimming elements over embryonic ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902200109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T20:33:28Z","timestamp":1117226008000},"page":"97-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Spastic<\/i> Mutant axolotl: Identification of a phenocopy pathway with implications for the control of axolotl swimming by the vestibulocerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Oliver E.","family":"Elbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. K.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1273-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Social Statistics","author":"Blalock H. M.","year":"1960"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900370106","article-title":"IV. Rates of cell proliferation and differentiation in the central nervous system of Amblystoma","volume":"37","author":"Coghill G. E.","year":"1924","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","article-title":"VI. The mechanism of integration of Ambylistoma punctatum.","volume":"42","author":"Coghill G. E.","year":"1926","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","article-title":"VII. The growth of the pattern of the association mechanism of the rhombencephalon and spinal cord of Amblvitoma punctatum.","volume":"42","author":"Coghill G. E.","year":"1926","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900450109","article-title":"VIII. The development of the pattern of differentiation in the cerebrum of Amblystoma punctalum","volume":"15","author":"Coghill G. E.","year":"1928","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Anatomy and the Problem oi Behavior","author":"Coghill G. E.","year":"1929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/252195a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Genetic Neuro\u2010biology","author":"Hall J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/240527a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Animal Tissue Techniques","author":"Humason G. I.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-4470-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_3","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture in Neurob ology","author":"Hunt R. K.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/22.1.185","article-title":"Starting points for a developmental genetics of nerve patterns","volume":"22","author":"Hunt R. K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Ide C. F.(1975) Ph.D. Thesis Princeton University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"215a","article-title":"Altered trochlear motoneuron activity in response to sustained tilt in behavior mutant (spastic) axolotls","volume":"16","author":"Ide C. F.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901760305"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/18.2.281","article-title":"Genetic dissection of cerebellar development: Mutations affecting cell position","volume":"18","author":"Ide C. F.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401940303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Ide C. F. N. Miszkowski C. B.Kimmel E.Schabtach R.Tompkins E.Elbert andM.Duda(1977a) Analysis ofSpastic: A neurological mutant of the Mexican axolotl.Cell. Neurobiol. 267\u2013289."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901760306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"186","volume-title":"Simpler Networks and Behavior","author":"Kimmel C. B.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)60122-2","article-title":"Genetic approaches to invertebrate neurogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Macagno E.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Curr. Tops. Dev Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)60116-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Nervous Integration","author":"Sidman R. L.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.04.030181.001115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.3.817"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.902200109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.902200109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T06:08:19Z","timestamp":1697695699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.902200109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.902200109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.902200109","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,10,10]]}}}