{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T07:49:15Z","timestamp":1760255355258},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7101,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interhemispheric connections were studied in tree shrews (<jats:italic>Tupaia belangeri<\/jats:italic>) after multiple injections of horseradish peroxidase or horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin into the cortex of one cerebral hemisphere. After an appropriate survival period, the areal pattern of connections was revealed by flattening the other hemisphere, cutting sections parallel to the cortical surface, and staining with tetramethylbenzidine. Architectonic boundaries were identified by using sections stained for myelinated fibers. Labeled cells and axon terminations formed largely overlapping distributions that covaried in density, although labeled cells appeared to be more evenly distributed than labeled terminations. Connections were concentrated along the border of area 17 (V\u2010I) with area 18 (V\u2010II). However, connections also extended as far as 2 mm into area 17 to include cortex representing parts of the visual field 10\u00b0 or more from the zero vertical meridian. Clusters of dense connections spanned the width of area 18, where they alternated with regions of fewer connections. These clusters roughly corresponded in location to regions with heavier myelination. In the visually responsive temporal cortex, connections were also unevenly distributed. The organization of most of this cortex is not understood, but one subdivision, the temporal dorsal area (TD), has been identified on the basis of reciprocal connections with area 17. The central part of the TD had few interhemispheric connections, while most of the outer border had dense connections. The auditory cortex had dense and patchy connections throughout. The pattern in the primary somatosensory cortex (S\u2010I) varied according to the representation of body parts, so that the cortex related to the forepaw had sparse connections, while connections were dense but uneven over much of the representation of the face, nose, and mouth. A focus of connections was found at the border of the forepaw and face representations, where the myelination of S\u2010I cortex is interrupted. Dense, uneven connections also characterized the second somatosensory area, S\u2010II. The motor cortex was densely connected, with only slightly fewer terminations rostral to the forepaw region of S\u2010I. Other parts of frontal cortex had dense connections, The distribution of cortical connections varied with depth for at least some areas, so that clusters of cells and terminations were found in supragranular layers in S\u2010I, S\u2010II, and TD, while infragranular labeled cells were more evenly distributed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results indicate that interhemispheric connections in tree shrews are widely distributed and include large portions of primary sensory fields, and that the primary somatic and visual areas have more interhemispheric connections than their homologues in higher primates. The local unevenness of the connections suggests that functions are unevenly distributed within cortical areas. Because visual and somatic areas representing the contralateral visual hemifield or body surface receive callosal inputs, many of these connections are not reflected in the excitatory receptive fields of cortical neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902350109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T19:30:06Z","timestamp":1104607806000},"page":"111-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Interhemispheric connections of cortical sensory areas in tree shrews"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"C. G.","family":"Cusick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"MacAvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Kaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901810305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90458-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901410203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90708-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Microelectrode analysis of transfer of visual information by the corpus callosum","volume":"105","author":"Berlucchi G.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90697-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014627","article-title":"Possible functions of the interhemispheric connections between visual cortical areas in the cat","volume":"337","author":"Blakemore C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902200309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901660304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901850204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1965.sp001783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90868-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(69)90011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1051-8_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","series-title":"Sixth Annu. Symp. Centre Recherche en Sci. Neurol.","volume-title":"Two Hemispheres\u2013One Brain","author":"Cusick C. G.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91192-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"40A","article-title":"The areal distribution of callosal connections in sensory representations in tree shrews","volume":"208","author":"Cusick C. G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902300302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90699-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The subdivisions of neocortex: A proposal to revise the traditional view of sensory, motor, and association areas","volume":"8","author":"Diamond I. T.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Prog. Psychol. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(68)90080-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901390303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(80)90249-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1975.38.4.735","article-title":"Visual receptive\u2010field properties of cells in area 18 of cat's cerebral cortex before and after acute lesions in area 17","volume":"38","author":"Dreher B.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901830113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901240306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901920314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1979.11739553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.31.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902230209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901960311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"The relation of callosal connections to microstimulation maps of precentral motor cortex","volume":"9","author":"Gould H. J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"730","article-title":"The pattern of interhemispheric connections in the visual cortex of squirrel monkeys","volume":"10","author":"Gould H. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1972.35.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901500403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013258","article-title":"A physiological analysis of subcortical and commissural projections of areas 17 and 18 of the cat","volume":"302","author":"Harvey A. R.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Interhemispheric pathways in the absence of a corpus callosum","volume":"109","author":"Heath C. J.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1967.30.6.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901820406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901920208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91283-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(76)90155-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"The primary visual pathway through the corpus callosum: Morphological and functional aspects in the cat","volume":"118","author":"Innocenti G. M.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch, Ital. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901880111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"The commissural connexions of the somatic sensory cortex in the cat","volume":"103","author":"Jones E. G.","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(80)90189-5","article-title":"Distribution of callosal fibers around the hand representations in monkey somatic sensory cortex","volume":"19","author":"Jones E. G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.810887"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901880110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/92.4.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-151807-3.50012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Prestriate photic evoked potentials after striate cortex lesions or section of the optic tract","volume":"76","author":"Kaas J. H.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc. APA Conv."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90548-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0020531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902190403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1969.tb20449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238636"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.45.4.667","article-title":"Organization of cat anterior parietal cortex: Relations among cytoarchitecture, single neurons functional properties, and interhemispheric connectivity","volume":"45","author":"McKenna T. M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26.2.24068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Antagonistic direction\u2010specific mechanisms in area MT in the owl monkey","volume":"8","author":"Miezen F.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90544-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"957","article-title":"Suppression from ipsilateral visual field in area V4 of the macaque","volume":"9","author":"Moran J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901180102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901000203","article-title":"Efferent connections of the striate cortex in the albino rat","volume":"110","author":"Nauta W. J. H.","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90937-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901940111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The pattern of visual callosal connections in the cat as revealed in tangential sections of the unfolded cortex","volume":"9","author":"Olavarria J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90182-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901820306","article-title":"The medial geniculate body of the tree shrew, Tupaia glis. II. Connections with the neocortex","volume":"182","author":"Oliver D. L.","year":"1918","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Tonotopic organization and connections of primary auditory cortex in the tree shrew","volume":"184","author":"Oliver D. L.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(69)90030-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90153-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(69)90309-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","first-page":"801","article-title":"Interhemispheric connections of area 17 in adult tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri)","volume":"10","author":"Rager G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Influence of the presentation of remote visual stimuli on visual responses of cat area 17 and lateral suprasylvian area","volume":"29","author":"Rizzolatti G.","year":"1911","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","first-page":"474","article-title":"Visual activation of neurons in inferotemporal cortex depends on striate cortex and forebrain commissures","volume":"38","author":"Rocha\u2010Miranda C. E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90461-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"The retinotopic distribution of visual callosal projections in the suprasylvian visual areas compared to the classical visual areas (17, 18, 19) in the cat","volume":"33","author":"Sanides D.","year":"1918","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","article-title":"Callosal and intrahemispheric connectivity of the prefrontal association cortex in rhesus monkey: Relation between intraparietal and principal sulcal cortex","volume":"226","author":"Schwartz M. L.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-08-01079.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902300303","article-title":"Cortical connections of area 17 in tree shrews","volume":"230","author":"Sesma M. A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901710207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901730307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90348-0","article-title":"Structural organization of 'callosal' OBg in human corpus callosum agenesis","volume":"93","author":"Shoumura K.","year":"1915","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(84)90287-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(77)90086-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90088-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90095-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90707-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90520-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.1.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.1.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901940105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902010109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902010110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6301017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90673-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-03-00265.1982","article-title":"The pattern of interhemispheric connections and its relationship to extrastriate visual areas in the macaque monkey","volume":"2","author":"Van Essen D. C.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","first-page":"271A","article-title":"Some connections of S\u2010I and S\u2010II in the tree shrew.Tupaia glis","volume":"199","author":"Weller R. E.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1159\/000121815","article-title":"Interhemispheric striate projections in the prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis","volume":"17","author":"Weyand T. G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198202000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Cortico\u2010cortical connections of the cat visual areas","volume":"102","author":"Wilson M. E.","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901680302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior","author":"Woolsey C. N.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"The cells of origin of interhemispheric connections in the primate motor cortex","volume":"4","author":"Zant D.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Neurosci, Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90237-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.902350109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.902350109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T22:05:19Z","timestamp":1697839519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.902350109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.902350109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.902350109","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]}}}