{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:35:00Z","timestamp":1773902100276,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6752,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because members of the New World family, Callitrichidae, are generally regarded as the most primitive of monkeys, we studied the organization of somatosensory cortex in the tamarin (<jats:italic>Saguinus<\/jats:italic>) in hopes of better understanding differences in the organization of anterior parietal cortex in primates and how these differences relate to phylogeny. In most prosimian primates only one complete representation of cutaneous receptors has been found in the region of primary cortex, S\u2010I, while in all Old and New World monkeys studied to date, two cutaneous representations exist in distinct architectonic fields, areas 3b and 1. In detailed microelectrode mapping studies in anesthetized tamarins, only one complete representation responsive to low\u2010threshold cutaneous stimulation was evident in the S\u2010I region. This topographic representation was in a parietal koniocortical field that architectonically resembles area 3b of other monkeys, and the general somatotopic organization of the field was similar to that of area 3b of other monkeys. Cortex rostral to the single representation was generally unresponsive to somatosensory stimuli, or required more intense stimulation for neural activation. Cortex caudal to the representation, in the region of area 1 of other monkeys, was generally either unresponsive or responded to only high\u2010threshold stimulation, although some recording sites were activated by low\u2010threshold tactile stimulation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The present evidence, together with that from previous studies, suggests that the single, complete body surface representation in <jats:italic>Saguinus<\/jats:italic> is homologous to the S\u2010I representation found in some prosimians (<jats:italic>Galago<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Perodicticus<\/jats:italic>) and the area 3b cutaneous representation found in New World Cebidae (<jats:italic>Aotus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Saimiri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>and Cebus<\/jats:italic>) and Old World <jats:italic>Macaca.<\/jats:italic> Cortex rostral to S\u2010I in <jats:italic>Saguinus<\/jats:italic> has the appearance of areas 3a and 4 of other primates. The cortex caudal to S\u2010I in <jats:italic>Saguinus<\/jats:italic>, while resembling area 1 in some ways, does not have all of the features of area 1 of other monkeys. In particular, the field was not easily activated by low\u2010threshold cutaneous stimuli, as area 1 is in other monkeys, and therefore a second cutaneous representation of all body parts was not demonstrated. Thus, cortex in the expected location of area 1 of <jats:italic>Saguinus<\/jats:italic> was not as responsive as area 1 of other monkeys, and it somewhat resembled the high\u2010threshold fringe zones found caudal to S\u2010I in anesthetized prosimians and some nonprimates. The results raise the possibility that the area 1 cutaneous representation that is characteristic of other New World monkeys and Old World monkeys evolved from a less responsive precursor along the caudal border of S\u2010I in early monkeys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902460309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T20:00:21Z","timestamp":1104609621000},"page":"409-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Studies on the evolution of multiple somatosensory representations in primates: The organization of anterior parietal cortex in the new world callitrichid, <i>Saguinus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"246","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. F.","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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