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Cranial motor nerves stain GABA\u2010positive from E4 to E11, including neuromuscular junctions at E8\u201311; labeled fibers are most frequent in the motor trigeminal root (E6\u20139.5). Substantial GABA staining is present from E4 to E10 in a subpopulation (1\u20132%) of vestibular ganglion cells. Their peripheral processes are labeled in the vestibular endorgan, predominantly in the posterior crista. Some GABA\u2010positive fibers are present in the olfactory nerve (after E5) and in the optic nerve (after E9.5); their immunoreactivity persists throughout the period investigated. Transient GABA immunoreactivity follows \u201cpioneer\u201d fiber outgrowth and coincides with the formation of early synaptic contacts.<\/jats:p><jats:p>GABA\u2010containing neurons may change their neuronal phenotype (loss of GABA expression) or they may be eliminated by embryological cell death. Periods of cell death were determined in cranial ganglia and motor nuclei by aggregations of pycnotic cells in the same embryonic material. The periods of embryonic cell death partly coincide with transient GABA immunoreactivity. The function(s) of transient GABA expression is unknown. Some lines of evidence suggest that GABA has neurotrophic functions in developing cranial nerves or their target tissue. 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