{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:31:45Z","timestamp":1787236305806,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4835,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The motor innervation for palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal muscles originates within the nucleus ambiguus. Although the viscerotopic organization of the upper alimentary tract in the nucleus ambiguus has been extensively studied, little information concerning the dendritic arborization of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons is available. The neural tracer cholera toxin\u2010horseradish peroxidase, which is particularly effective at revealing dendrites of retrogradely labeled neurons, was used to determine the dendritic architecture and organization of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In 72 rats, cholera toxin\u2010horseradish peroxidase in volumes of 1.0\u201318 m\u0308l was directly applied under pressure to the musculature of various sites along the upper alimentary tract. Motoneurons innervating the soft palate, pharynx, cricothyroid muscle, and cervical esophagus were all found to have extensive dendrites that extended into the adjacent reticular formation with a distinct pattern for each muscle group. In contrast, the dendrites of motoneurons innervating the thoracic and sub diaphragmatic esophagus were confined to the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus. Dendritic bundling within the confines of the nucleus ambiguus was prominent following injection of tracer into the soft palate, pharynx, and esophagus. The bundles were primarily oriented in a rostrocaudal direction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These data suggest that the extensive extranuclear dendritic arborization of motoneurons innervating the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and cervical esophagus provide a wide ranging target for multiple central afferents that may be involved in the differential control of muscles that participate in multiple complex motor functions. The lack of extensive extranuclear dendrites of motoneurons innervating the distal esophagus suggest that they receive focused central afferents. The prominent bundling of dendrites within the nucleus ambiguus may provide for synchronization of motoneurons innervating a specific muscle and perhaps for synchronization of motoneurons innervating different muscles acting in sequence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903090309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T17:37:29Z","timestamp":1104601049000},"page":"402-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Dendritic architecture of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons projecting to the upper alimentary tract in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Altschuler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinman","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Miselis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Neuron size and neuron population density in the lumbosacral region of the cat spinal cord","volume":"95","author":"Aitken J. T.","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Anat. (London)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Dendritic architecture of motoneurons projecting to the upper alimentary tract in rat","volume":"14","author":"Altschuler S. M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902830207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903040209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(88)90206-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196107000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"338","article-title":"Topographical arrangement and dendritic architecture of hypoglossal motoneurons in the rat","volume":"14","author":"Bao X.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(84)90088-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902620408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946207100113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Histological observations in the soft palate of the albino rat","volume":"110","author":"Cleaton\u2010Jones P.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Anat. (London)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Anatomical observations in the soft palate of the albino rat","volume":"131","author":"Cleaton\u2010Jones P.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anat. Anz. Bd."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01668.1989","article-title":"A circumscribed projection from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the nucleus ambiguus in the rat: anatomical evidence for somatostatin\u201028\u2010immunoreactive interneurons subserving reflex control of esophageal motility","volume":"9","author":"Cunningham E. T.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1956.19.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(84)90012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(87)90224-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901390402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01148320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1986.tb02764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902930404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/100.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91391-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Localisation et activite des neurons deglutiteurs bulbaris","volume":"64","author":"Jean A.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"737","article-title":"Localisation et activite des motoneurons oesophagiens chez le mouton","volume":"74","author":"Jean A.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000118856"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.166.3904.520"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901270210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901270211","article-title":"The nucleus ambiguus of the rabbit","volume":"127","author":"Lawn A. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901810211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tracing Neural Connections with Horseradish Peroxidase","author":"Mesulam M.\u2010M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1982.62.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02407121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26.12.32212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902420405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(70)90165-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(70)90062-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(71)80015-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/00207457309149492","article-title":"Dendrite bundles as sites for central programs: an hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"Scheibel M. E.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Intern. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902110303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902340306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902380411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902900410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90198-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"The nature of the soft palate","volume":"74","author":"Wood Jones F.","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Anat. (London)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.903090309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.903090309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T23:21:05Z","timestamp":1698016865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.903090309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.903090309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.903090309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,15]]}}}