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The dendrites of the small\u2010field elements visit very restricted oval areas of the retinotopic mosaic, comprising fields that are typically 6\u20138 input columns wide and 12\u201320 high. Their physiologically determined receptive fields are also small, typically 20\u00b0 or less in diameter. The neurons are hyperpolarized in stationary illumination and are transiently depolarized by light OFF and to a lesser degree by light ON. Motion of a striped grating elicits a periodic excitation at the fundamental or second harmonic of the stimulus temporal contrast frequency. The arrangement of these elements in retinotopic arrays with their small receptive fields and flicker\u2010sensitive dynamic properties make these neurons well suited for the position\u2010dependent, direction\u2010insensitive detection of small objects in the fly's visual field, which, is known to drive fixation and tracking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903160107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:54:15Z","timestamp":1104620055000},"page":"72-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Small\u2010field neurons associated with oculomotor and optomotor control in muscoid flies: Functional organization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Cole","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Strausfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1972.35.4.429","article-title":"Spatial and temporal integration properties of units in first optic ganglion of dipterans","volume":"35","author":"Arnett D. 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