{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:01:12Z","timestamp":1769310072206,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4591,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution and source of a galanin\u2010like innervation of rat salivary glands has been examined. Additionally, submandibular and sublingual acinar cell membrane responses to galanin or a cholinergic agonist were studied. Galanin\u2010immunoreactive fibers were observed throughout the submandibular and sublingual glands in association with ducts and acini. A subset of submandibular ganglion cells expresses galanin immunoreactivity. Parasympathectomy resulted in a marked decrease in galanin immunoreactivity in the glands. Sympathectomy resulted in marked reduction of dopamine \u03b2\u2010hydroxylase immunoreactivity with no appreciable change in galanin immunoreactivity. Retrograde labeling experiments demonstrated that galanin\u2010immunoreactive sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion do not innervate the submandibular or sublingual gland. These results indicate that the galanin\u2010like innervation of rat salivary glands is derived from parasympathetic nerves to the glands.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Since rat sublingual glands contain largely mucous acini while rat submandibular gland acini are seromucous, electrophysiological responses to galanin and the muscarinic agonist, bethanechol, were compared. Agonist\u2010induced voltage shifts varied between the two glands. The galanin\u2010induced response at the level of the resting membrane potential in submandibular acinar cells was a hyperpolarization, while that in sublingual acinar cells was a depolarization. There was also a greater voltage dependence to the galanin\u2010induced submandibular response than to the sublingual response. Differences were also noted in the acinar cell response to cholinergic stimulation between these glands.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These results demonstrate the existence of a galanin\u2010like innervation to salivary glands that may be functionally relevant. Moreover, the results challenge the idea that agonist\u2010induced membrane responses are similar among acinar cells of different glands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903170305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:56:12Z","timestamp":1104620172000},"page":"271-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Galanin\u2010like innervation of rat submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: Origin and effect on acinar cell membranes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"L. M.","family":"Konopka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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