{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T02:07:34Z","timestamp":1785809254707,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4073,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The distribution of histamine\u2010, octopamine\u2010, gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid\u2010 (GABA) and taurine\u2010like immunoreactivity in the bivalve mollusc <jats:italic>Macoma balthica<\/jats:italic> was studied immunocytochemically with antisera produced in rabbits. Histamine levels in the ganglia and whole animals were also measured by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography using a postcolumn derivatization method. Immunoreactivity for these substances, except for taurine, is found in the central nervous system of this species. The most extensive neuronal system is revealed with the antiserum against histamine. All the main ganglia contain histamine\u2010immunoreactive cell bodies, and a dense network of nerve fibers is seen in the ganglia and nerve roots. Histamine\u2010immunoreactive nerve fibers project to the mantle edge, lips and oesophagus. The basal part of the inhalant siphon is rich in histamine\u2010immunoreactive fibers. Unlike histamine, octopamine\u2010 and GABA\u2010like immunoreactivities are restricted to the central nervous system. Taurine\u2010like immunoreactivity is not found in the nervous system of this species. In the nervous system, histamine\u2010immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers are more numerous than those that are octopamine\u2010 and GABA\u2010immunoreactive. The distribution of these substance in the ganglia is different. GABA\u2010immunoreactive cells are typically smaller than most of the histamine\u2010 and octopamine\u2010immunoreactive cells. Most GABA\u2010 and octopamine\u2010immunoreactive cells and fibers are located in the pedal ganglion. Histamine is distributed more evenly in the ganglia and nerve roots. The biochemical measurements of histamine correlate well with the immunohistochemical findings and confirm the predominant location of the amine in the nervous tissue. These results suggest that histamine is more widespread than some other putative transmitters, and support the concept that histamine may have an important role in many physiological processes in molluscs. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903340311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T08:57:59Z","timestamp":1104569879000},"page":"477-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Neurotransmitters in the nervous system of <i>Macoma balthica<\/i> (Bivalvia)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"334","author":[{"given":"Tuula","family":"Karhunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti S.","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Tuomisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pertti","family":"Panula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90072-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1988.tb03093.x","article-title":"Identification and function of octopamine and tyramine conjugates in the Limulus visual system","volume":"51","author":"Battelle B. 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