{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:11:25Z","timestamp":1773288685737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3844,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurotrophins and neural cytokines are two broad classes of neurotrophic factors. It has been reported that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevent the degeneration of axotomized neonatal motor neurons. In addition, BDNF is transported retrogradely to \u03b1\u2010motor neurons following injection into the muscle, and patterns of BDNF expressed in spinal cord and muscle suggest a physiological role for this factor in motor neurons. In the present study, we characterize the effects of BDNF on axotomized neonatal facial motor neurons and extend these observations to adult models of motor neuron injury (axotomy\u2010induced phenotypic injury of lumbar motor neurons). BDNF reduces axotomy\u2010induced degeneration of neonatal neurons by 55% as determined by Nissl staining (percentage of surviving neurons in vehicle\u2010treated cases, 25%; in BDNF\u2010treated cases, 80%). Rescued neurons have an intact organelle structure but appear smaller and slightly chromatolytic on electron microscopic analysis. As demonstrated by intense retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the proximal stump of the facial nerve, neurons rescued by BDNF have intact mechanisms of fast axonal transport. CNTF did not appear to have significant effects on neonatal motor neurons, but the lack of efficacy of this factor may be caused by its rapid degradation at the application site. BDNF is not capable of reversing the axotomy\u2010induced reduction in transmitter markers [i.e., the acetylcholine\u2010synthesizing enzyme choline acetyl\u2010transferase (ChAT) or the degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] in neonatal or adult animals or the axotomy\u2010induced up\u2010regulation of the low\u2010affinity neurotrophin receptor p<jats:sup>75NGFR<\/jats:sup> (nerve growth factor receptor) in adult motor neurons. However, BDNF appears to promote the expression of p<jats:sup>75NGFR<\/jats:sup> in injured neonatal motor neurons. In concert, the findings of the present study suggest that BDNF can significantly prevent cell death in injured motor neurons. However, this neurotrophin may not be a retrograde signal associated with the induction and\/or maintenance of some mature features of motor neurons, particularly their transmitter phenotype. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903420106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T09:19:57Z","timestamp":1104571197000},"page":"45-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Further characterization of the effects of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor on axotomized neonatal and adult mammalian motor neurons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"342","author":[{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Clatterbuck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald L.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vassilis E.","family":"Koliatsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62484-X","article-title":"Muscle\u2010derived trophic factors influencing cholinergic neurons in vitro and in vivo","volume":"79","author":"Appel S. 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