{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:48:36Z","timestamp":1762112916032},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]],"date-time":"2004-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3814,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peptide histidine\u2010isoleucine (PHI) is a regulatory peptide, synthesized as part of the same propeptide that includes also vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The present study describes the distribution of PHI\u2010immunoreactive nerve fibers in the sheep pineal organ and compares their location with the distribution of VIP\u2010immunoreactive fibers in both normal and superior cervical ganglionectomized sheep in order to elucidate the origin of the PHI\/VIP immunoreactive nerve fibers. Several PHI\u2010immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the meninges and in the pineal capsule. Numerous positive nerve fibers entered the pineal gland and travelled within connective tissue spaces. Individual PHI\u2010positive nerve fibers were either smooth, without specialization, or varicose. Generally VIP\u2010 and PHI\u2010immunoreactive fibers were located close to connective septa and blood vessels. However, many PHIergic and VIPergic fibers possessing varicosities of variable sizes were also disperesed between pinealocytes. The distribution, density, and morphology of PHI\u2010 and VIP\u2010immunoreactive fibers in the sheep pineal gland were similar. In superior cervical ganglionectomized animals, intrapineal VIP\u2010 and PHI\u2010 immunoreactive nerve fibers were present with the same density as in control animals. In agreement, the concentration of immunoreactive VIP and PHI did not change after ganglionectomy. No VIP\u2010 and PHI\u2010immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the superior cervical ganglia. Thus this study shows that the intrapineal VIP\u2010 and PHI\u2010immunoreactive nerve fibers do not originate from the sympathetic superior cervical ganglion. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903430106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T20:59:47Z","timestamp":1104613187000},"page":"72-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Density of peptide histidine\u2010isoleucine\u2010 and vasoactive intestinal peptide\u2010immunoreactive nerve fibers in the sheep pineal gland is not affected by superior cervical ganglionectomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"343","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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