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In all three species, the outer nuclear layer is relatively thin and the M\u00fcller cell trunks divide into rootlets that wrap around the photoreceptors. In both diurnal birds studied, the trunks of M\u00fcller cells in the inner plexiform layers invariably divide into numerous fine filamentous processes that terminate in small expansions covering most of the vitreal surface of the retina. Furthermore, the networks of filamentous processes of birds' M\u00fcller cells exhibit conspicuous horizontal lamination in the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, the filamentous processes arising from the individual M\u00fcller cell trunks of the crocodile, if present, are much less numerous and less widely spread than those of diurnal birds. It is proposed that the splitting of the M\u00fcller cell trunks into numerous filamentous processes terminating in small vitreal expansions represents a morphological adaptation for: (1) effective spatial buffering of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ions in thick and presumably metabolically highly active, yet avascular, avian retinae, and (2) effective absorption and distribution of nutrients leaking from the vitreally located supplemental nutritive organ, the pecten. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903500107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T23:19:48Z","timestamp":1104621588000},"page":"96-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitread proliferation of filamentous processes in avian M\u00fcller cells and its putative functional correlates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"350","author":[{"given":"Zofia","family":"Dreher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Distler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901370102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"La r\u00e9tine des v\u00e9rtebr\u00e9s","volume":"9","author":"Cajal S. 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