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A reorganisation of the whole dendritic tree characterized by an increase in both the total dendritic length and the degree of dendritic arborisation as well as by changes in the shape of the dendritic field was found during ageing, in KD, PD, and AD. Dendritic growth under these conditions was related to the extent of cell loss in basal forebrain nuclei. There appeared to be major differences, however, with respect to the overall pattern of dendritic reorganisation between AD on one side and ageing, KD, and PD on the other side. In both ageing and KD, dendritic growth was largely restricted to the terminal dendritic segments, resulting in an increase of the size of the dendritic field (pattern of \u201cextensive growth\u201d). In AD, aberrant growth processes were frequently observed in the perisomatic area or on distal dendritic segments of basal forebrain neurones of the reticular type. Neurones with aberrant growth profiles were typically located in the direct vicinity of deposits of \u03b2\/A4 amyloid. Perisomatic growth profiles were covered by the low\u2010affinity receptor of nerve growth factor p75<jats:sup>NGFR<\/jats:sup>. Aberrant growth processes were not present in ageing, KD, and PD. On the basis of the present study, it is concluded that under certain degenerative conditions, reticular basal forebrain neurones undergo a compensatory reorganisation of their dendritic arborisation, a process that has become defective in AD, thereby converting a physiological signal into a cascade of events contributing to the pathology of the disease. \u00a9 1995 Willy\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903510203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T22:10:56Z","timestamp":1104617456000},"page":"189-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Dendritic reorganisation in the basal forebrain under degenerative conditions and its defects in Alzheimer's disease. II. 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