{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:37:59Z","timestamp":1791311879980,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]],"date-time":"2004-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3338,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mitral cell of the olfactory bulb is the primary relay neuron that transmits information from the olfactory receptors to the rest of the brain. This excitatory neuron releases glutamate from presynaptic dendrites and axon terminals. All rat mitral cells studied showed strong, selective, and widespread metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1\u03b1 immunoreactivity on the presynaptic membrane of dendrites, often at the synaptic vesicle release site, when examined with light and electron microscopy. The finding of glutamate receptors on mitral cell secondary dendrites supports the conclusion that not all dendritic membrane with glutarnate receptors necessarily have gray type I asymmetrical synaptic specializations. In contrast, the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 was not found in mitral cells but was expressed by granule cells and astrocytes around mitral dendrites.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Both mGluR1\u03b1 and mGluR5 were expressed early in development, with strong immunostaining present by postnatal day 1. MGluR1\u03b1 staining at birth mirrored the adult staining pattern. MGluR5 staining at birth showed different patterns of immunostaining than that found in the adult, particularly in the external plejdform layer. In vitro olfactory bulb neurons and their dendrites from embryonic day (E) 18 olfactory bulbs responded to t\u2010ACPD and quisqualate, selective and fionselective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists, and to several ionotropic glutamatel agonists with increases in intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> as studied with fura\u20102 digital imaging. These data indicate that the receptors were functionally active at an early stage of development. Application of the glutarnate receptor blockers d\u20102\u2010amino\u20105\u2010phosphonovalerate (AP5) and 6\u2010cyano\u20107\u2010nitroquinoxaline (CNQX) to E17 olfactory bulb neurons after only 4 days in vitro resulted in a dramatic decrease in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> levels in 70% of 128 cells tested, suggesting that embryonic neurons after a short time in vitro can actively secrete glutamate.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The presence of glutamate receptors on the long mitral cell dendrite suggests that it would be able to respond to release of its own excitatory transmitter, probably at an early stage of development. In the probable absence of other excitatory input to the secondary mitral dendrites, it would be the only excitatory \u201cinput.\u201d This autoexcitatory response would be modulated by release of GABA from olfactory interneurons occurring milliseconds after glutamate release induced by olfactory nerve activation. This novel type of neuronal microcircuitry would potentially amplify signal transmission and current spread along the long mitral dendrites and could play an important role in lateral inhibition of olfactory neurons. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903590206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T04:38:21Z","timestamp":1104554301000},"page":"253-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in adult and developing neurons: Autoexcitation in the olfactory bulb"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"359","author":[{"given":"Anthony N.","family":"van den Pol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42219-3","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutsmate receptor mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate\/Ca2+ signal transduction","volume":"267","author":"Abe T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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