{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:07:29Z","timestamp":1767830849278,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]],"date-time":"2004-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3254,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to test the hypothesis that gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are formed in the olfactory placode during embryonic development in a salmonid, <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus nerka<\/jats:italic>. The development of GnRH neurons and the pituitary cell types was examined from 19 through 910 days after fertilization. Immunoreactive GnRH was first detected at 19 days in the cells of the olfactory placode. GnRH immunoreactivity was not detected in any other structure of the central nervous system at this age. By day 24, GnRH\u2010immunoreactive neurons were seen in the apical, intermediate, and basal layers of the olfactory placode. From days 30 through 51, GnRH neurons were seen emerging from the epithelium, along the olfactory nerve, and at the rostral olfactory bulb. By day 41, GnRH immunoreactivity was lost in the nasal epithelium. In the 72\u2013day\u2010old fish, most of the GnRH neuronal population was found in ganglia of the nervus terminalis, at the cribriform bone (gCB), and at the rostral olfactory bulb (gROB).<\/jats:p><jats:p>On day 293, a decrease in GnRH\u2010immunoreactive neurons in the gCB and gROB was concomitant with an initial appearance of GnRH\u2010immunoreactive neurons and fibers along the caudoventral olfactory bulb. By day 462, the distribution of GnRH neurons and fibers was almost similar to adults. In maturing adults (910 days), GnRH\u2010immunoreactive neurons were rarely seen in the nasal regions, but were primarily found in the basal forebrain. GnRH fibers were widespread in the brain, proximal pars distalis, and in the pars intermedia of the pituitary.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our study supports the notion that neurons expressing salmon\u2010GnRH mRNA and peptide originate in the medial olfactory placode and migrate into the basal forebrain during development. The midbrain neurons did not express salmon\u2010GnRH mRNA or peptide in the larval and juvenile fish. \u00a9 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903620208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T07:23:47Z","timestamp":1104564227000},"page":"256-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Embryonic development of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone neurons in the sockeye salmon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"362","author":[{"given":"Ishwar S.","family":"Parhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munehico","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Pfaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Schwanzel\u2010Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903140313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903470310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)90160-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900210303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(90)90310-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90287-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00568.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90971-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000126529"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836287"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114397"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217881"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(75)90014-3","article-title":"Olfaction in fish","volume":"5","author":"Hara T. 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