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A realistic model of the tongue and computational simulations are important in areas such as linguistics and speech therapy. The aim of this work is to report on the construction of a geometric and constitutive model of the human tongue and to demonstrate its use in computational simulations for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome research. The geometry of the tongue and each muscle group of the tongue, including muscle fibre orientations, are captured from the Visible Human Project dataset. The fully linear muscle model is based on the Hill three\u2010element model that represents the constituent parts of muscle fibres. The mechanics of the model are limited to quasi\u2010static, small\u2010strain, linear\u2010elastic behaviour. The main focus of this work is on the material directionality and muscle activation. The transversely isotropic behaviour of the muscle tissue is accounted for, as well as the influence of muscle activation. The behaviour of the model is illustrated in a number of benchmark tests and for the case of a subject in the supine position. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T14:58:50Z","timestamp":1358175530000},"page":"492-514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The biomechanics of the human tongue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yaseen","family":"Kajee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics University of Cape Town  5th floor, Menzies Building, Private Bag X3 7701 Rondebosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u2010P. 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