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Our study investigates the response of a helmeted human head subjected to a blast of 1\u00a0atm peak overpressure, for cases with and without a standard polycarbonate (PC) face shield and for face shields comprising of composite PC and aerogel materials and with lateral edge extension. The novel introduction of aerogel into the laminate face shield is explored and its wave\u2010structure interaction mechanics and performance in blast mitigation is analysed. Our numerical results show that the face shield prevented direct exposure of the blast wave to the face and help delays the transmission of the blast to reduce the intracranial pressures (ICPs) at the parietal lobe. However, the blast wave can diffract and enter the midface region at the bottom and side edges of the face shield, resulting in traumatic brain injury. This suggests that the bottom and sides of the face shield are important regions to focus on to reduce wave ingress. The laminated PC\/aerogel\/PC face shield yielded higher peak positive and negative ICPs at the frontal lobe, than the original PC one. For the occipital and temporal brain regions, the laminated face shield performed better than the original. The composite face shield with extended edges reduced ICP at the temporal lobe but increases ICP significantly at the parietal lobe, which suggests that a greater coverage may not lead to better mitigating effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T12:51:17Z","timestamp":1490273477000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Face shield design against blast\u2010induced head injuries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3897-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long Bin","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore  21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd 119077 Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8170-0775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwong Ming","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Melbourne  Parkville VIC 3010 Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan Hong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore  21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd 119077 Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Ali Bin","family":"Sapingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore  21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd 119077 Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent Beng Chye","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore  21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd 119077 Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heow Pueh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore  21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd 119077 Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp058102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Top general expects IED problem to rise in Afghanistan.2012. 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