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Deposition in 6 regions of each nasal airway geometry (the vestibule, valve, anterior turbinate, posterior turbinate, olfactory, and nasopharynx) was determined for varying particle diameter, spray cone angle, spray release direction, particle injection speed, and particle injection location. Penetration of nasal spray particles through the airway geometries represented unintended lung exposure. Penetration was found to be relatively insensitive to injection velocity, but highly sensitive to particle size. Penetration remained at or above 30% for particles exceeding 10\u00a0\u03bcm in diameter for several airway geometries studied. Deposition in the turbinates, viewed as desirable for both local and systemic nasal drug delivery, was on average maximized for particles ranging from ~20 to 30\u00a0\u03bcm in diameter, and for low to zero injection velocity. Similar values of particle diameter and injection velocity were found to maximize deposition in the olfactory region, a potential target for nose\u2010to\u2010brain drug delivery. However, olfactory deposition was highly variable between airway geometries, with maximum olfactory deposition ranging over 2 orders of magnitude between geometries. This variability is an obstacle to overcome if consistent dosing between subjects is to be achieved for nose\u2010to\u2010brain drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,17]],"date-time":"2018-02-17T08:56:46Z","timestamp":1518857806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Regional deposition of nasal sprays in adults: A wide ranging computational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Kiaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Wachtel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim  Ingelheim am Rhein 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