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However, the clinical relevance of CFD simulations has been limited to date, as previous models either did not incorporate neuromuscular motion or any motion at all. Many common airway pathologies, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and tracheomalacia, involve large movements of the structures surrounding the airway, such as the tongue and soft palate. Airway wall motion may be due to many factors including neuromuscular motion, internal aerodynamic forces, and external forces such as gravity. Therefore, to realistically model these airway diseases, a method is required to derive the airway wall motion, whatever the cause, and apply it as a boundary condition to CFD simulations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This paper presents and validates a novel method of capturing <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> motion of airway walls from magnetic resonance images with high spatiotemporal resolution, through a novel combination of non\u2010rigid image, surface, and surface\u2010normal\u2010vector registration. Coupled with image\u2010synchronous pneumotachography, this technique provides the necessary boundary conditions for dynamic CFD simulations of breathing, allowing the effect of the airway's complex motion to be calculated for the first time, in both normal subjects and those with conditions such as OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T16:04:33Z","timestamp":1534953873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A novel method to generate dynamic boundary conditions for airway CFD by mapping upper airway movement with non\u2010rigid registration of dynamic and static MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alister J.","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Imaging Research Center Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing Imperial College London  UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brynne M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Research Center Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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