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The flow eddies in that region become a source of direct aerodynamic sound, which is also diffracted by the speech articulators and radiated outwards. The numerical simulation of these phenomena is complex. The spectrum of an \/s\/ typically peaks between 4 and 10\u00a0kHz, which implies that very fine computational meshes are needed to capture the eddies producing such high frequencies. In this work, a large\u2010scale computation of the aeroacoustics of \/s\/ has been performed for a realistic vocal tract geometry, resorting to two different acoustic analogies. A stabilized finite element method that acts as a large eddy simulation model has been adopted to solve the flow dynamics. Also, a numerical strategy has been implemented that allows the determination, in a single computational run, of the separate contribution of the sound diffracted by the upper incisors from the overall radiated sound. Results are presented for points located close to the lip opening showing the relative influence of the upper teeth depending on frequency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T10:00:39Z","timestamp":1536660039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Computational aeroacoustics to identify sound sources in the generation of sibilant \/s\/"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8358-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnau","family":"Pont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Internacional de M\u00e8todes Num\u00e8rics en Enginyeria Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"GTM\u2014Grup de recerca en Tecnologies M\u00e8dia La Salle\u2014Universitat Ramon Llull  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriol","family":"Guasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GTM\u2014Grup de recerca en Tecnologies M\u00e8dia La Salle\u2014Universitat Ramon Llull  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Baiges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Codina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemie","family":"van Hirtum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EGI UMR CNRS 5519 Grenoble Alpes University  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2016.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513514586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"The emergence of phonetic segments evidence from the spectral structure of fricative\u2010vowel syllables spoken by children and adults","volume":"1","author":"Nittrouer S","year":"1989","journal-title":"JSLHR 32"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.2002.0169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30332-8","article-title":"The effect of geometry on source mechanisms of fricative consonants","volume":"19","author":"Shadle CH","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Phonetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30331-6","article-title":"Fricative consonants: acoustic and x\u2010ray measurements","volume":"19","author":"Badin P","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Phonetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.413469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2004.1405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511662898"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"YoshinagaT KoikeN NozakiK WadaS.Study on production mechanisms of sibilants using simplified vocal tract model. 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