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This semi\u2010active digital twin model is an attempt to link noninvasive video of a patient face to the percentage of carotid occlusion. The pulsatile nature of blood flow through the carotid arteries induces a subtle head vibration. This vibration is a potential indicator of carotid stenosis severity, and it is exploited in the present study. A head vibration model has been proposed in the present work that is linked to the forces generated by blood flow with or without occlusion. The model is used to generate a large number of virtual head vibration data for different degrees of occlusion. In order to determine the in vivo head vibration, a computer vision algorithm is adopted to use human face videos. The in vivo vibrations are compared against the virtual vibration data generated from the coupled computational blood flow\/vibration model. A comparison of the in vivo vibration is made against the virtual data to find the best fit between in vivo and virtual data. The preliminary results on healthy subjects and a patient clearly indicate that the model is accurate and it possesses the potential for detecting approximate severity of carotid artery stenoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T03:58:33Z","timestamp":1547611113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["A semi\u2010active human digital twin model for detecting severity of carotid stenoses from head vibration\u2014A coupled computational mechanics and computer vision method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj Kavan","family":"Chakshu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering Swansea University  Swansea SA2 8PP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering Swansea University  Swansea SA2 8PP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Sazonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering Swansea University  Swansea SA2 8PP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perumal","family":"Nithiarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, College of Engineering Swansea University  Swansea SA2 8PP UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"BioMedEng 18 Conference Proceedings","author":"Nithiarasu P","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"VAJRA Colloquium Series: IIT Madras","author":"Nithiarasu P","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Computational and Experimental Biomedical Sciences: Methods and Applications","author":"Boileau E","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive coronary CT angiography\u2010derived fractional flow reserve: a benchmark study comparing the diagnostic performance of four different computational frameworks","author":"Carson J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke","author":"Mackay J","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"State of the Nation: Stroke Statistics (2018)","author":"Stroke association","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-015-0028-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S04","DOI":"10.21035\/ijcnmh.2014.1(Suppl.1).S04","article-title":"Ultrasonography of carotid stenosis","volume":"1","author":"Klingelh\u00f6fer J","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJCNMH"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GiovangrandiL InanOT WiardRM EtemadiM KovacsGTA.Ballistocardiography\u2014a method worth revisiting. 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