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The hemodynamics in the LCA was studied in a patient\u2010specific geometry without any sign of disease using both numerical and in vitro approaches. The influence of non\u2010planarity was evaluated through two models of the patient\u2010specific LCA that deviate from its original geometry in their planarity. Afterwards, in all models, irregular stenoses were created by a procedure in which the stenosis emerges by diffusion from low wall shear stress (WSS) areas. The WSS distribution and flow patterns were evaluated in all the models. The experimental results validate the numerical code developed to study the blood flow assuming a steady state Newtonian behavior. Comparison between the planar and non\u2010planar idealized LCA revealed no significant differences in low WSS regions forming stenotic regions with identical shape. In the patient\u2010specific LCA, the low WSS regions are not consistent with the idealized models leading to a different stenosis shape. The results revealed that the non\u2010planarity has an unquestionable effect in helicity. It was also demonstrated that eccentricity of the vessels cross section and the position of the apex in relation to the axis of the parent branch contribute to the flow patterns observed. Numerical results of pulsatile blood flow assuming a non\u2010Newtonian behavior, in the patient\u2010specific LCA, reinforce the non\u2010planarity effect in local hemodynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T20:52:25Z","timestamp":1555275145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Geometrical effects in the hemodynamics of stenotic and non\u2010stenotic left coronary arteries\u2014numerical and in vitro approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Doutel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Altice Labs Rua Eng\u00b0 Jos\u00e9 Ferreira Pinto Basto  Aveiro Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Viriato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, FEUP, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.L.M.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.29.1.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2009.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.21.2035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1537734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Application of patient\u2010specific computational fluid dynamics in coronary and intra\u2010cardiac flow simulations: challenges and opportunities","author":"Zhong L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Numerical simulation and clinical implications of stenosis in coronary blood flow","volume":"2014","author":"Zhang J\u2010M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Non\u2010planar curvature and branching of arteries and non\u2010planar\u2010type flow","volume":"452","author":"Caro CG","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Royal Soc London Ser A: Math, Phys Eng Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Breaking symmetry in non\u2010planar bifurcations: distribution of flow and wall shear stress","volume":"39","author":"Lu Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-009-9878-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-014-1821-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-130736","article-title":"Correlation between Reynolds number and eccentricity effect in stenosed artery models","volume":"21","author":"Javadzadegan A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technol Health Care: Off J Eur Soc Eng Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1997.1434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"BarakatAI ChengET.Numerical simulation of fluid mechanical disturbance induced by intravascular stents. 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