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A detailed finite element model of the knee joint is coupled to a lower extremity musculoskeletal model to simulate the stance phase of stair ascent. It is driven by the mean of measurements on the hip\u2010knee\u2010ankle moments\u2010angles as well as ground reaction forces reported in healthy individuals. Predicted muscle activities compare well to the recorded electromyography data. Peak forces in quadriceps (3.87 BW, body weight, at 20% instance in our 607\u2009N subject), medial hamstrings (0.77 BW at 20%), and gastrocnemii (1.21 BW at 80%) are estimated. Due to much greater flexion angles\u2010moments in the first half of stance, large PF contact forces (peak of 3.1 BW at 20% stance) and stresses (peak of 4.83\u2009MPa at 20% stance) are estimated that exceed their peaks in level walking by fourfold and twofold, respectively. Compared with level walking, ACL forces diminish in the first half of stance but substantially increase later in the second half (peak of 0.76 BW at 75% stance). Under nearly similar contact forces at 20% of stance, the contact stress on the tibiofemoral (TF) medial plateau reaches a peak (9.68\u2009MPa) twice that on the PF joint suggesting the vulnerability of both joints. Compared with walking, stair ascent increases peak ACL force and both peak TF and PF contact stresses. Reductions in the knee flexion moment and\/or angle appear as a viable strategy to mitigate internal loads and pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T07:24:41Z","timestamp":1662103481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Computational biomechanics of human knee joint in stair ascent: Muscle\u2010ligament\u2010contact forces and comparison with level walking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Makani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed A.","family":"Shirazi\u2010Adl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Qu\u00e9bec 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