{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1781793186691,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12162016 81960133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12162016 81960133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a complete 2D equivalent mechanical model of the pelvic floor based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u00a0images of a 35\u2010year\u2010old healthy woman. This model can simulate anterior vaginal prolapse (AVP) due to soft tissue impairment. Thus, we can study the mechanism of prolapse formation from a mechanical perspective and improve the assessment and treatment of the condition in clinical practice. Based on 2D MRI image parameter measurements and computer\u2010aided design methods, the 2D equivalent mechanical model of the whole pelvic floor in the sagittal plane was accurately reconstructed, which includes all necessary tissues of the pelvic floor system. Material parameters were mainly from the literature. We simulated the impairment by reducing the tissue's mechanical properties, and numerical simulations predicted the mechanical response and morphological changes of the healthy and impaired pelvic floor in different states. In six intra\u2010abdominal pressure (IAP)\u00a0states (8.4\u2013208.9 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O), the maximum cervical descent in the impaired pelvic floor was 0.3\u201318.521\u2009mm, which was much greater than that in the healthy pelvic floor (0.14\u20136.55\u2009mm). Once the impairment occurred (0%\u201325%), there was a significant increase in maximum displacement, stress, and cervical descent (30.9\u201336.5\u2009mm, 0.56\u20131.12\u2009MPa, 4.6\u201312.1\u2009mm), and a clinically similar prolapse shape occurred. Simple supine and standing will not cause prolapse. The formation of prolapse is closely related to vaginal tissue impairment. In the standing position, the main forces on the healthy pelvic floor system are distributed horizontally posteriorly and inferiorly, reducing the burden in the vertically downward direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T13:56:43Z","timestamp":1666965403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A <scp>2D<\/scp> equivalent mechanical model of the whole pelvic floor and impairment simulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingqiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University  Kunming 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