{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:28:13Z","timestamp":1768436893745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infrared thermography is gaining relevance in breast cancer assessment. For this purpose, breast segmentation in thermograms is an important task for performing automatic image analysis and detecting possible temperature changes that indicate the presence of malignancy. However, it is not a simple task since the breast limit borders, especially the top borders, often have low contrast, making it difficult to isolate the breast area. Several algorithms have been proposed for breast segmentation, but these highly depend on the contrast at the lower breast borders and on filtering algorithms to remove false edges. This work focuses on taking advantage of the distinctive inframammary shape to simplify the definition of the lower breast border, regardless of the contrast level, which indeed also provides a strong anatomical reference to support the definition of the poorly marked upper boundary of the breasts, which has been one of the major challenges in the literature. In order to demonstrate viability of the proposed technique for an automatic breast segmentation, we applied it to a database with 180 thermograms and compared their results with those reported by others in the literature. We found that our approach achieved a high performance, in terms of Intersection over Union of 0.934, even higher than that reported by artificial intelligence algorithms. The performance is invariant to breast sizes and thermal contrast of the images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T10:31:40Z","timestamp":1720089100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Breast segmentation in infrared thermography from characteristical inframammary shape"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0665-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Alvarez\u2010Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Bioengineering Universidad de Guadalajara  Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Flores\u2010Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Bioengineering Universidad de Guadalajara  Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan R.","family":"Alvarez\u2010Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences Universidad de Guadalajara  Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi  San Luis Potos\u00ed Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Oceguera\u2010Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerologia  Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Gutierrez\u2010Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Bioengineering Universidad de Guadalajara  Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estad\u00edsticas a prop\u00f3sito del d\u00eda mundial de la lucha contra el c\u00e1ncer de mama","volume":"462","author":"INEGI","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comunicado de Prensa"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Cancer in Low\u2010and Middle\u2010Income Countries: an Economic Overview","volume":"3","author":"Horton S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer: Disease Control Priorities"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"The changing global burden of cancer: transitions in human development and implications for cancer prevention and control","volume":"3","author":"Bray F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures","author":"Cokkinides V","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","article-title":"Seer cancer statistics review (CSR) 1975\u20132017","volume":"4","author":"Howlader N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.18.2151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61350-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-006-9017-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"AIM for Breast Thermography","author":"Siva\u2010Teja K, Manjunath G.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2012.03.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Digital processing of thermographic images for medical applications","volume":"67","author":"Guzman\u2010Cabrera R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Revista de Chimie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BSI-160152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMEA.2008.4542999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4741.1998.440245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"989","article-title":"An automated method for the evaluation of breast cancer using infrared thermography","volume":"17","author":"Morales\u2010Cervantes A","year":"2018","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2568997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep convolutional neural networks for classifying breast cancer using infrared thermography","volume":"19","author":"Torres\u2010Galv\u00e1n JC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quant Infrared Therm J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5566853"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2018.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"A review on thermal imaging\u2010based breast cancer detection using deep learning","volume":"1","author":"Tsietso D","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mob Info Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9962109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237218500242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17686733.2015.1005398"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Automatic image segmentation method for breast cancer analysis using thermography","volume":"46","author":"Hossam A","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eng Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Level set method for segmentation of infrared breast thermograms","volume":"13","author":"Golestani N","year":"2014","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIPR47015.2019.9316541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1996.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02712873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118600788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17686733.2021.1918514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","volume-title":"Segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica das mamas em imagens t\u00e9rmicas","author":"Marques RS","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19264-2_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-35955-9.00042-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2016.7483526"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnm.3843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T10:06:17Z","timestamp":1723197977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnm.3843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnm.3843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnm.3843","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-7939","2040-7947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-7939","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-7947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3843"}}