{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1771468016587,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laser corneal reshaping is a safe and effective technique utilized to treat common vision disorders. An advanced laser delivery system equipped with a pulsed UV laser with specific parameters is used to ablate parts of the cornea surface to correct the existing refractive error. The argon fluoride (ArF) excimer pulsed gas laser at 193\u2009nm is the most employed type in the commercial devices for such treatments. This laser is generated using a mixture of Argon, Fluorine, and a significant amount of Neon gases. However, due to the ongoing Russian\u2010Ukraine war, the availability of Neon gas is currently very limited, as this region is considered the primary supplier of pure Neon gas. Consequently we suggest replacing the common ArF laser source in the commercial devices with a solid\u2010state (forth harmonic neodymium\u2010doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser at 266\u2009nm). This replacement uses the same operation parameters, optics, and scanning algorithm. Parameters from five commercial devices (Zeiss MEL 90, Technolas TENEO 317, Alcon Wave Light EX 500, Schwind Amaris 750\u2009s, OptoSystems MICROSCAN VISUM) were compared with those of the i\u2010ablation device, a research device that uses a 266\u2009nm laser source. Our goal is to reduce production costs through a simple modification that has a significant impact. Consequently, the present study aims to find an alternative laser source for the current ArF laser without exchanging the complete system's design. This recommendation is based on a numerical simulation study. The thermal effect on a human cornea model was numerically evaluated using finite\u2010element solutions of Pennes' bioheat equation on the COMSOL platform by applying two laser wavelengths. The results demonstrated that changing the laser source significantly impacts the thermal effect, even with the same laser settings. All studied devices showed a reduction in the thermal effect to below 40\u00b0C, compared with nearly 100\u00b0C under ordinary conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T22:41:00Z","timestamp":1724020860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Solid\u2010state laser (266\u2009nm) as an alternative to <scp>ArF<\/scp> excimer laser (193\u2009nm) for corneal reshaping: Comparative numerical study of the thermal effect"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abdelhalim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Applications of Laser Department National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aziza Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Applications of Laser Department National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salwa","family":"Abdelkawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Science Department Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Biophysics and Laser Science Unit  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salah Hassab","family":"Elnaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Applications of Laser Department National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omnia","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Applications of Laser Department National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Refractive eye surgery: helping patients make informed decisions about LASIK","volume":"95","author":"Wilkinson JM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1524_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.27.023204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"LASIK: Fundamentals, Surgical Techniques, and Complications","author":"Azar DT","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11917-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/9780203339053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1146837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14738\/assrj.93.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792\u2010023\u201002708\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082\u2010024\u201007152\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbdelhalimI HamdyO.A low\u2010cost and easy\u2010to\u2010use laser corneal reshaping device for educational research and training purposes. 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