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One cause is umbilical cord compression during labor\u2010induced uterine contractions, disrupting the transport of metabolites to and from the placenta, and resulting in asphyxia. Current fetal well\u2010being assessment relies on monitoring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions as indicators of oxygen delivery to the brain. To enhance our understanding of this complex relationship, this study aims to develop a modular mathematical model including fetal blood gas dynamics, the autonomic nervous system, and cerebral blood flow regulation. The novelty of this study lies in the capability of the model to simulate fetal growth. These submodels are part of a larger multiscale mathematical model describing fetal circulation in the second half of pregnancy. The blood gas model realistically replicates partial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures in umbilical arteries and veins during healthy fetal development reported in the literature. An <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> experiment is conducted to simulate umbilical cord occlusion and is compared with lamb experiments to verify the realism of the regulation models during fetal growth. Our findings suggest that premature infants are more susceptible to umbilical cord occlusion, exhibiting elevated cerebral perfusion pressure and flow. This modular mathematical model may serve as a valuable tool for testing hypotheses related to the fetal regulatory system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T10:54:05Z","timestamp":1733223245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Multiscale Mathematical Model for Fetal Gas Transport and Regulatory Systems During Second Half of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5507-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettine G.","family":"Van Willigen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology  The Netherlands"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, M\u00e1xima Medical Centre  Veldhoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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