{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T15:08:12Z","timestamp":1764083292337,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a promising technique for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. However, the segments directly treated with VBT can experience substantial loads resulting from the tether pretension, which may alter internal stresses and potentially compromise structures such as the intervertebral discs (IVDs) and facet joints. We aim to investigate the effects of tether within the VBT on the L1\u2013L2 IVD stresses and contact forces of the facet joints, using an extensively calibrated and validated finite element model of the T10\u2013S1 spine. The implant was inserted on the left side of the T10\u2013L3 and tensioned up to 300\u2009N representing the tether pretension applied during surgery and the case of the postoperative neutral position. Subsequently, the spine was tested under an external pure moment of 8\u2009Nm. The tether pretension resulted in a significant increase in the IVD stresses. In the neutral position, a gradual increase in intervertebral pressure (IDP) at the center of the IVD of 0.094, 0.181, and 0.267\u2009MPa was observed after applying forces of 100, 200, and 300\u2009N to the tether, respectively. The contact force of the left facet joint also increased with pretension. It was 12.5\u2009N for the native spine and gradually increased to 49.5, 82.0, and 100.9\u2009N for tether pretensions of 100, 200, and 300\u2009N, respectively, during extension. These results indicate that tether pretension is a key parameter that increases the internal stresses of the IVD and the contact forces of the facet joints at the implant side.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T23:29:48Z","timestamp":1754954988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effects of Vertebral Body Tethering on the Intervertebral Discs and Facet Joints: A Numerical Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0332-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Nicolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria  Santa Maria Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Carreira","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Analysis and Mechanical Design\u2014GRANTE, Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitor Hugo","family":"Tramontini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria  Santa Maria Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Halle, Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-3605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marx","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Analysis and Mechanical Design\u2014GRANTE, Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Halle, Martin\u2010Luther\u2010University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Rodrigo","family":"de Mello Roesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory\u2014LEBm, Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9085-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Alberto","family":"Fancello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Analysis and Mechanical Design\u2014GRANTE, Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"},{"name":"Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory\u2014LEBm, Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000652"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013\u2010014\u20100025\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7060136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010019\u201006075\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S190565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55275\/JPOSNA\u20102020\u2010145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010022\u201007448\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01331"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197168.11815.ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536241248711"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000076820.44132.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010023\u201000697\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Mechanical Effects on Skeletal Growth","volume":"2","author":"Stokes I. A. F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.102B12.BJJ\u20102020\u20100426.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381\u2010017\u20103367\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010022\u201000471\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2633\u20101462.32.BJO\u20102021\u20100120.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010021\u201000323\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/8357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010023\u201000662\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010022\u201000575\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010023\u201000717\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010021\u201007035\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010023\u201007608\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1679\u201078256932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01533"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.19.00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010021\u201006972\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0300853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146049.52152.da"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390\u2010019\u201000021\u20103"},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics","year":"1982","author":"Gurtin M.","key":"e_1_2_12_41_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010835316564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208909103905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e7f76"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.109646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010021\u201004821\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411917719740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010019\u201006196\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177823"},{"volume-title":"Biomechanical Investigation of Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Systems of the Lumbar Spine","year":"2021","author":"Beckmann A.","key":"e_1_2_12_58_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","article-title":"Tether Pretension Within Vertebral Body Tethering Reduces Motion of the Spine and Influences Coupled Motion: A Finite Element Analysis","author":"Nicolini L. F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199106000\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109290(99)00215\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20324"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199912010\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.02.019"},{"volume-title":"The Effects of Vertebral Body Tethering System on the Biomechanics of the Thoracolumbar Spine","year":"2023","author":"Nicolini L. F.","key":"e_1_2_12_69_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.0235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808\u2010185120201904222827"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010016\u20101193\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.646079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2017.0083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12168244"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3522"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.05.020"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnm.70084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T15:04:14Z","timestamp":1764083054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnm.70084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnm.70084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnm.70084","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-7939","2040-7947"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2040-7939"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2040-7947"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70084"}}