{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:39:05Z","timestamp":1786977545776,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to analyze the effects of PFNA, InterTAN, and Gamma nails for the fixture of unstable intertrochanteric fractures (UIFs) by finite element analysis. 3D reconstruction models fixed with PFNA, InterTAN, and Gamma nail of the normal femur and unstable intertrochanteric fractures were created. Boundary conditions and load were set in advance, and finite element analysis was performed. Interfragmentary strain theory (IFS) was used to simulate the growth of callus. The Python language was used for the secondary development of ABAQUS to simulate the fracture healing process. The principal strain of the femur and the Von Mises stress of the device component were evaluated and compared by three nail fixation methods under four load conditions. There was no significant difference between InterTAN and Gamma nails in terms of peak strain within the implanted bone and maximum device stress values, and both bone strain and implant stress state were lower in the femur after implantation of PFNA nail fixation. Finite element analyses show that the Gamma nail is more suitable for fixing 31A2.2 intertrochanteric fracture. PFNA is more suitable for fixing UIFs except for 31A2.2 intertrochanteric fracture. Therefore, the implantation of PFNA nails in the femur can withstand more forces during exercise than InterTAN and Gamma nails, which have a faster pre\u2010healing phase and are therefore more suitable for small fractures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T05:17:19Z","timestamp":1758172639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Finite Element Analysis of Three Different Intramedullary Nails for Fixture of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Chao\u2010qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology The First People's Hospital of Jiashan County  Jiaxing Zhejiang Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3230-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0285-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","article-title":"Gamma and Other Cephalocondylic Intramedullary Nails Versus Extramedullary Implants for Extracapsular Hip Fractures in Adults","volume":"9","author":"Parker M. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"700","article-title":"Nail or Plate Fixation of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: Changing Pattern of Practice. A Review of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database","volume":"90","author":"Anglen J. O.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(94)90111-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31819211b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(99)00091-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308994532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Treatment of Per\u2010and Sub\u2010Trochanteric Fractures by Gliding Nail and PFN\u2010Early Results and Analysis of Problems","volume":"8","author":"Steindl A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteosynthese International"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38535"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Cervical Spine","volume":"24","author":"Zafarparandeh I.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turkish Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(02)00185-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008909408948"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0182-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678008990819"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Treatment of Reverse Oblique and Transverse Intertrochanteric Fractures With Use of an Intramedullary Nail or a 95 Degrees Screw\u2010Plate: A Prospective, Randomized Study","volume":"84","author":"Sadowski C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)00126-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2120-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM799"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnm.70093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T11:12:58Z","timestamp":1758885178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnm.70093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnm.70093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnm.70093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-7939","2040-7947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-7939","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-7947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70093"}}