{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:11:38Z","timestamp":1791360698412,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cerebral atrophy that alters the brain's biomechanical response to external loading and may increase susceptibility to traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to quantify how varying degrees of AD\u2010related atrophy affect intracranial dynamics under impact conditions and to compare these effects with those observed in normal aging. Three\u2010dimensional finite\u2010element head models were constructed in COMSOL Multiphysics, incorporating skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue. Longitudinal MRI data informed annual volume\u2010reduction rates of 0.5% (healthy aging), 1% (moderate AD), and 4% (severe AD) over a four\u2010year period. Fluid\u2013structure interaction (FSI) was employed to simulate dynamic interactions between the CSF and deformable brain tissue under a standardized blunt impact scenario. Key biomechanical metrics\u2014relative brain\u2013skull displacement and peak intracranial pressure\u2014were recorded in frontal and occipital regions. At approximately 15.07% total volume reduction (severe AD), relative brain\u2013skull displacement increased by 12.6% in the frontal region and 28.0% in the occipital region compared with healthy aging. Peak intracranial pressure decreased by 5.51% in the frontal region and 4.95% in the occipital region under severe atrophy, indicating enhanced energy absorption by the expanded CSF layer but greater overall brain motion. The amplified displacement patterns suggest elevated strain on bridging veins and a higher risk of subdural hematoma formation. Progressive brain atrophy in AD significantly modifies intracranial biomechanics under impact, underscoring the importance of accounting for neurodegenerative changes in TBI risk assessments. Incorporation of patient\u2010specific viscoelastic properties\u2014obtainable via Magnetic Resonance Elastography\u2014into future models may further enhance predictive accuracy for vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T10:18:49Z","timestamp":1779445129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Progression of Cerebral Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Consequences on Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights From Longitudinal\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Hamed","family":"Abdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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