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Current OH diagnostics rely on intermittent blood pressure measurements, which may not adequately characterise haemodynamic responses during orthostatic stress. We developed a closed\u2010loop cardiovascular lumped\u2010parameter model and fitting pipeline for continuous beat\u2010to\u2010beat blood pressure and heart rate data during a supine\u2010to\u2010stand manoeuvre, enabling model\u2010based evaluation of orthostatic haemodynamic responses in older adults. Our 23\u2010compartment lumped model included baroreflex and cardiopulmonary reflex regulation and was calibrated using Finapres data from older adults (Nijmegen Radboud University PROHEALTH study). Using a stochastic ranking evolutionary strategy, we fitted 31 parameters to averaged cohort data, classifying participants as with or without a history of falls (\u2265\u20091 fall in the previous year). The model reproduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate responses at the population level, with normalised root mean squared errors of 10.6% and 9.6% for participants with and without a history of falls, respectively. Four model parameters differed significantly between the two population\u2010average fits: baroreflex reference heart rate, a baroreflex transfer function parameter, transient external muscle pressure during standing, and total blood volume. These results demonstrate that a physiologically structured cardiovascular model can reproduce population\u2010level orthostatic responses in older adults and highlight model\u2010based parameter differences associated with fall history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:30:37Z","timestamp":1786681837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Closed\u2010Loop Cardiovascular Model of the Supine\u2010To\u2010Stand Manoeuvre: Implications for Falls"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9689-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joeri A.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8247-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Krzhizhanovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8259-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lex M.","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, TechMed Centre University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of (Paediatric) Intensive Care University Medical Centre Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6477-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"van der Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Geriatrics Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Ageing and Later Life Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eveline P.","family":"van Poelgeest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Geriatrics Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Ageing and Later Life Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2454-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolein","family":"Klop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Radboud University Medical Centre  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1778-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jurgen A. 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