{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:57:44Z","timestamp":1790675864173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR10\u2010IDEX\u20100002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR10\u2010IDEX\u20100002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201020\u2010SFRI\u20100012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201020\u2010SFRI\u20100012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Numer Methods Biomed Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Orthodontic tooth movement results from alveolar bone remodeling induced by mechanical loads applied to the teeth over extended periods during the unloading phase of arch wires. In clinical practice, orthodontic arch wires are inserted into bracket slots without precise knowledge of the forces transmitted to individual teeth. Excessive loads may lead to undesirable side effects, whereas insufficient forces may fail to initiate bone remodeling and tooth movement. This study aims to develop a 3D numerical approach based on finite element method to simulate orthodontic tooth movement during the alignment phase while quantifying the loads applied by the superelastic nickel titanium arch wire. A common clinical case of buccal infraposition of the maxillary canine was selected. Patient\u2010specific geometries of the teeth and alveolar bone were reconstructed from cone\u2010beam computed tomography scans. A coupling strategy between the arch wire unloading response and an external bone remodeling model was implemented to predict teeth movement over a one\u2010month treatment period as orthodontic appointments are typically scheduled every 4\u2009weeks. During recovery to its initial shape, the arch wire delivered light and constant forces, leading to extrusion of the canine and intrusion of the adjacent first premolar and lateral incisor. This numerical framework captured the mechanical behavior of the superelastic nickel titanium arch wire and predicted teeth movement consistent with clinical ranges reported in the literature. This approach provides an efficient tool for orthodontists to predict patient\u2010specific orthodontic outcomes and optimize treatment design during the leveling phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:05:32Z","timestamp":1790672732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coupled\n                    <scp>FE<\/scp>\n                    Modeling of Superelastic\n                    <scp>NiTi<\/scp>\n                    Arch Wire and Bone Remodeling to Simulate\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Orthodontic Tooth Movement During Leveling Phase"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2613-1418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouhamad","family":"Abou Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9canique Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR 7357  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-7478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9canique Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR 7357  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie Dentaire Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement d'Orthop\u00e9die Dento\u2010Faciale Les H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6480-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdi","family":"Jmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9canique Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR 7357  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2547-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siham","family":"Touchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement M\u00e9canique Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube, UMR 7357  Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102591.2000.00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine","author":"Wagner D.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109416(85)90083\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"H.Jmal S.Lhadi J.Zghal andN.Kharouf \u201cMechanical Performance and Numerical Modeling of NiTi Endodontic Instruments\u2014Influence of Geometry and Heat Treatment 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