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However, in conventional parametric modeling of TPMS scaffolds, porosity and pore size usually vary in a coupled manner, restricting the systematic evaluation of scaffold structure\u2013function relationships. In this study, a decoupled single\u2010variable design strategy was adopted to construct homogeneous sheet\u2010based TPMS scaffolds, including diamond sheet (DS), gyroid sheet (GS), and primitive sheet (PS) topologies, with independently controlled porosities (50%\u201390%) and pore sizes (500\u2013900\u2009\u03bcm). A sequential multiphysics framework integrating static compression finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the discrete phase model (DPM), and mechano\u2010regulation analysis was established to evaluate osteogenic potential during the early post\u2010implantation hematoma stage. Results demonstrated that porosity primarily governed apparent stiffness, while permeability was highly sensitive to topological changes and pore size enlargement. The initial capture efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was closely associated with the specific surface area (SSA) and dynamically regulated by flow trajectories and wall accessibility. Furthermore, mechano\u2010regulation stimulus factor analysis, combining wall shear stress (WSS) and octahedral shear strain (OSS), revealed that WSS contributed dominantly to the local osteogenic microenvironment. Osteogenic differentiation efficiency was not maximized by any single structural parameter, but rather emerged from an optimal balance between the capacity to capture MSCs and adequate mechanical stimulation. These findings validate a \u201ccapture\u2010then\u2010differentiate\u201d mechanism for early osteogenesis in sheet\u2010based TPMS scaffolds, providing a quantitative multiphysics strategy for the topological optimization of bone scaffolds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.70226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:34:57Z","timestamp":1792539297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoupling Pore Size and Porosity in Sheet\u2010Based TPMS Scaffolds: Assessing Early Osteogenesis via a Capture\u2010Then\u2010Differentiate Framework"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3361-4454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changwen","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital  Xi'an Shaanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010020\u20100204\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma2030790"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm\u201020\u20108175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u2010605X\/acd976"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2019.101015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2003.12.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242\u2010019\u201000054\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104804"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.01.012"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"3435","article-title":"\u4e0d\u540c\u9aa8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u652f\u67b6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u9aa8\u4f20\u5bfc\u6027\u3001\u9aa8\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u6027 \u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb, \u4e2d\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76","volume":"26","author":"Wang D. 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