{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:17:15Z","timestamp":1773937035367,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRSG\u201014\u2010014\u201001\u2010CCE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRSG\u201014\u2010014\u201001\u2010CCE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08CA190770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08CA190770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP\u2010NETs) are increasingly common malignancies and tend to have favorable long\u2010term prognoses. Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are a first\u2010line treatment for many NETs. Short\u2010term experiments suggest an association between SSAs and hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether there is a relationship between SSAs and clinically significant hyperglycemia causing development of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic condition with significant morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we aimed to compare risk of developing DM in patients treated with SSA vs no SSA treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and linked Medicare claims (1991\u20102016), we identified patients age 65+ with no prior DM diagnosis and a GEP\u2010NET in the stomach, small intestine, appendix, colon, rectum, or pancreas. We used <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests to compare SSA\u2010treated and SSA\u2010untreated patients and multivariable Cox regression to assess risk factors for developing DM. Among 8464 GEP\u2010NET patients, 5235 patients had no prior DM and were included for analysis. Of these, 784 (15%) patients received SSAs. In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio of developing DM with SSA treatment was 1.19, which was not statistically significant (95% CI 0.95\u20101.49). Significant risk factors for DM included black race, Hispanic ethnicity, prior pancreatic surgery, prior chemotherapy, tumor size &gt;2\u00a0cm, pancreas tumors, and higher Charlson scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DM was very common in GEP\u2010NET patients, affecting 53% of our cohort. Despite prior studies suggesting an association between SSAs and hyperglycemia, our analysis found similar risk of DM in SSA\u2010treated and SSA\u2010untreated GEP\u2010NET patients. Further studies are needed to better understand this relationship. As NET patients have increasingly prolonged survival, it is crucial to identify chronic conditions such as DM that these patients may be at elevated risk for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T10:58:29Z","timestamp":1617965909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between somatostatin analogues and diabetes mellitus in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results<scp>\u2010Medicare<\/scp> analysis of 5235 patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7707-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiwoon","family":"Baeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Mhango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Wisnivesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.1477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"2020","author":"National Diabetes Statistics Report","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translation DoD"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Sandostatin Full Prescribing Information","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.06.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2012.734626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1989.tb02096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90056-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10090293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1489232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.2.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000443612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.24.7.664"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2018.0052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2016.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.11494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2569-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.04.013"}],"container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1387","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cnr2.1387","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:15:49Z","timestamp":1693199749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnr2.1387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnr2.1387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1387","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-8348","2573-8348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-8348","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-8348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1387"}}