{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:48:30Z","timestamp":1773395310702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tracheal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignancy, and formal treatment guidelines have not been established due to the lack of high quality studies. Best evidence at this time is limited to case reports.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Explore the role of surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and the long\u2010term outcomes for these interventions for tracheal chondrosarcoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was performed using PubMed (1959\u20132020) and ResearchGate (1959\u20132020) using medical subject heading terms \u201ctracheal chondrosarcoma\u201d OR \u201ctrachea chondrosarcoma.\u201d Additional reports were identified within reviewed articles and included for review. Articles pertaining to chondrosarcomas of the lung, bronchus, larynx, or other head and neck subsites were excluded. Cases of chondromas were excluded. Thirty\u2010five patients with tracheal chondrosarcoma were identified in the literature since 1959. Advanced age was significantly associated with recurrent or persistent disease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003). The majority (77%) of cases were treated with open surgical resection, with an open approach and negative surgical margins being significantly associated with being disease\u2010free after treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively). Adjuvant radiotherapy was reserved for those unfit for surgery or for recurrent disease. Tumor size, extra\u2010tracheal extension, tumor calcification, location, and initial diagnosis were not associated with tumor recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010metastatic tracheal chondrosarcoma can be treated by adequate surgical resection, with little to no role for adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Open surgery and negative margins were associated with oncologic control, while advanced age was associated with recurrent or persistent disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T01:09:51Z","timestamp":1630631391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tracheal chondrosarcoma: A case report, systematic review, and pooled analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell","family":"Heuermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Bekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Southern Illinois University  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Czeczok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Pathologists  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacie","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8038-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Southern Illinois University School of Medicine  Springfield Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0347(200007)22:4<408::AID-HED15>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"2601","article-title":"Chondrosarcomas of the head and neck","volume":"271","author":"Coca\u2010Pelaz A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Ear","author":"Jackson C","year":"1959"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Primary chondrosarcoma of the tracheobronchial tree: report of a unique case and brief review","volume":"84","author":"Daniels AC","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40794-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx and trachea","volume":"16","author":"Weber AL","year":"1978","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-936X(85)90066-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000194872"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"908","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma of the trachea: a case report and literature review","volume":"32","author":"Matsuo T","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90039-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.5.1555"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00331-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199809)20:6<568::AID-HED13>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00949-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-007-0218-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/17386896"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"E12","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma of the trachea in a patient with Maffucci syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Almeida JR","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-010-0557-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04125.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A rare case of laryngotracheal chondrosarcoma in a patient with past history of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer","volume":"2","author":"Mohajeri G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21207"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Malignant transformation of a tracheal chondroma: the second reported case and review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Maia D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Port Pneumol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.08.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-016-0498-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4524910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2731-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2017.834"},{"issue":"62","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"PA2819","article-title":"Tracheal chondrosarcoma masquerading as COPD","volume":"52","author":"Terrington D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492318778484"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1223"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"1535","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma of the trachea\u2014report of a case","volume":"41","author":"Kaneda Y","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Jpn Assn Thorac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6519(01)78254-4"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma of the trachea: report of a case","volume":"33","author":"Herv\u00e1s VT","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"A case of chondrosarcoma of the trachea","volume":"12","author":"Mine Y","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Bronchol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17650\/2222-1468-2019-9-2-95-98"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2014_046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.12.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4878512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt374"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.09.001"}],"container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1537","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cnr2.1537","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T06:51:01Z","timestamp":1692859861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnr2.1537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnr2.1537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1537","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-8348","2573-8348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-8348","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-8348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1537"}}