{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:43:44Z","timestamp":1753868624740,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the epidemiology of small intestine (SI) cancer in Iran, a rare cancer entity worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence patterns and survival rates of SI cancer in Iran through a population\u2010based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on all reported cases of SI cancer were extracted from the Iran National Cancer Registry based on ICD\u2010O\u20103 codes. Age\u2010standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age\u2010specific incidence rates, standardized rate ratios (SRR), time trends, and absolute survival rates were calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>During 2005\u20132015, a total of 4928 SI cancers (ASIR: 0.87\/100 000) were diagnosed, including 2835 carcinomas (ASIR: 0.51), 214 neuroendocrine malignancies (ASIR: 0.04), 228 sarcomas (ASIR: 0.04), and 704 lymphomas (ASIR: 0.11). Carcinomas and lymphomas occurred more frequently in men than in women (SRR: 1.37\/100 000 and 1.85\/100 000, respectively), while the other two histological subtypes were almost equally distributed. 78% of carcinomas and 53% of neuroendocrine tumors were located in the duodenum. Sarcomas occurred most frequently in the jejunum (41%), while lymphomas were most frequently in the ileum (44%). From 2005 to 2015, the number of reported cases of SI cancer increased by 9.6% per year. The median age of diagnosis for women and men was 61. The absolute 5\u2010year survival rate was 35.3%, varying by sex, age, and subtype. Carcinomas had the lowest survival rate (24.1%) while neuroendocrine carcinomas had the highest survival rate (69.7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological patterns of SI cancer in Iran differed slightly from patterns in the United States and the United Kingdom. In contrast to other countries, the neuroendocrine form is presented as the rarest subtype in Iran. The overall incidence of SI cancer was lower in Iran than in high\u2010income countries. In contrast, the average prognosis of SI cancer was worse in Iran, indicating the need to improve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T09:20:03Z","timestamp":1637918403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of small intestine cancer in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Azizmohammad Looha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Esmaeil","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2227-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Zarean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modeling in Health Research Center Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5473-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheila","family":"Khodakarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Epidemiology of cancers of the small intestine: trends, risk factors, and prevention","volume":"7","author":"Barsouk A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31818e4641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-009-0668-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Cancer Registration Statistics England Statistical Bulletins. Accessed June 4 2020.https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/cancerregistrationstatisticsengland\/previousReleases."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0328"},{"volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases for Oncology: ICD\u2010O","year":"2013","author":"Fritz AG","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"AhmadOB Boschi PintoC LopezAD.Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 31 2001 pp.10\u201312."},{"volume-title":"Cancer Registration: Principles and Methods","year":"1991","author":"Jensen OM","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1"},{"issue":"120","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"865","article-title":"Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Comparison between registries: age\u2010standardized rates","author":"Smith PG","year":"1992","journal-title":"IARC Sci Publ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7447.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1501500112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Forman D Bray F Brewster DH Gombe Mbalawa C Kohler B Pi\u00f1eros M Steliarova\u2010Foucher E Swaminathan R Ferlay J (eds).Cancer incidence in five continents: volume X. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014:978\u2013982."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"NooneAM Howlader N Krapcho M Miller D Brest A Yu M Ruhl J Tatalovich Z Mariotto A Lewis DR Chen HS Feuer EJ Cronin KA (eds).SEER Cancer Statistics Review 975\u20102016 National Cancer Institute. 2019.https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/smint.html. (Accessed March 23 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Data were provided by the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry on request. November 2019.http:\/\/www.qub.ac.uk\/research-centres\/nicr\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Data were provided by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (part of Public Health England) on request through the Office for Data Release. May 2019.https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/cancerregistrationstatisticsengland\/previousReleases"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Data were provided by ISD Scotland on request. December 2019.http:\/\/www.isdscotland.org\/Health-Topics\/Cancer\/Publications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"Data were provided by the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit Health Intelligence Division Public Health Wales on request. April 2019.http:\/\/www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-019-0383-8"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"698","article-title":"The continuing clinical dilemma of primary tumors of the small intestine","volume":"61","author":"Ciresi DL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.142.3.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Surveillance\u2010Epidemiology\u2010and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER*Stat Database: Incidence\u2014SEER 18 Regs Research Data+Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases. Cancer of the Small Intestine \u2010 Cancer Stat Facts. 2020. Accessed May 23 2020.https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/smint.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-005-3635-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"FritzA PercyC JackA et al. (2000).International classification of diseases for oncology 3rd ed. World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20404"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"The epidemiology of cancer of the small bowel","volume":"7","author":"Neugut AI","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2016.1182211"},{"volume-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System","year":"2000","author":"Hamilton SR","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Incidence of histologic types of cancer of the small intestine","volume":"78","author":"Weiss NS","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v7.i1.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10434-001-0496-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"Cancer.Net. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor \u2010 GIST \u2010 Statistics. 2020.https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/cancer-types\/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor-gist\/statistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Uncommon cancers of the small intestine, appendix and colon: an analysis of SEER 1973\u20102004, and current diagnosis and therapy","volume":"33","author":"Gustafsson BI","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Survival Rates for Small Intestine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma). 2020.https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/small-intestine-cancer\/detection-diagnosis-staging\/survival-rates.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70546-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181e003f7"}],"container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1593","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cnr2.1593","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1692616559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnr2.1593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnr2.1593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1593","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-8348","2573-8348"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2573-8348"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2573-8348"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1593"}}