{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:19:52Z","timestamp":1792070392547,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of developing cancer. Cancer diagnoses are often incompletely captured at antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the incidence and explore risk factors of cancer in a cohort of PLWH in Harare using probabilistic record linkage (PRL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included PLWH aged \u226516\u2009years starting ART between 2004 and 2017. We used PRL to match records from the Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) with electronic medical records from an ART clinic in Harare to investigate the incidence of cancer among PLWH initiating ART. We matched records based on demographic data followed by manual clerical review. We followed PLWH up until first cancer diagnosis, death, loss to follow\u2010up, or 31 December 2017, whichever came first.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 3442 PLWH (64.9% female) with 19\u2009346 person\u2010years (PY) of follow\u2010up. Median CD4 count at ART initiation was 169 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (interquartile range [IQR]: 82\u2013275), median age was 36.6\u2009years (IQR: 30.6\u201343.4). There were 66 incident cancer cases for an overall incidence rate of 341\/100\u2009000 PY (95% confidence interval [CI]: 268\u2013434). Twenty\u2010two of these cases were recorded in the ZNCR only. The most common cancers were cervical cancer (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016; 123\/100\u2009000 PY; 95% CI: 75\u2013201), Kaposi sarcoma, and lymphoma (both <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012; 62\/100\u2009000 PY; 95% CI: 35\u2013109). Cancer incidence increased with age and decreased with higher CD4 cell counts at ART initiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PRL was key to correct for cancer under\u2010ascertainment in this cohort. The most common cancers were infection\u2010related types, reinforcing the role of early HIV treatment, human papillomavirus vaccination, and cervical cancer screening for cancer prevention in this setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T08:16:50Z","timestamp":1638865010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cancer incidence among people living with <scp>HIV<\/scp> in Zimbabwe: A record linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinei","family":"Shamu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newlands Clinic  Newlands Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Rohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chokunonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Spoerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardele","family":"Mandiriri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newlands Clinic  Newlands Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleophas","family":"Chimbetete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newlands Clinic  Newlands Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town  Rondebosch Western Cape South Africa"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bohlius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Borok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals  Harare Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Zimbabwe  Harare Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-011-0085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b327ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70198-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors associated with late presentation for HIV care in a single Belgian reference center: 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