{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:44:58Z","timestamp":1789267498061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer\u2010related death worldwide. The incidence of HCC is affected by genetic and non\u2010genetic factors. Genetically, mutations in the genes, tumor protein P53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), AT\u2010rich interaction domain 1A (ARIC1A), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), mannose 6\u2010phosphate (M6P), smooth muscle action against decapentaplegic (SMAD2), retinoblastoma gene (RB1), cyclin D, antigen presenting cells (APC), AXIN1, and E\u2010cadherin, have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of HCC. Non\u2010genetic factors, including alcohol consumption, exposure to aflatoxin, age, gender, presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increase the risk of HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severity of the disease and its occurrence vary based on geographical location. Furthermore, men and minorities have been shown to be disproportionately affected by HCC, compared with women and non\u2010minorities. Ethnicity has been reported to significantly affect tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with HCC. Generally, differences in gene expression and\/or the presence of comorbid medical diseases affect or influence the progression of HCC. Non\u2010Caucasian HCC patients are significantly more likely to have poorer survival outcomes, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Finally, there are a number of factors that contribute to the success rate of treatments for HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessment and treatment of HCC must be consistent using evidence\u2010based guidelines and standardized outcomes, as well as international clinical practice guidelines for global consensus. Standardizing the assessment approach and method will enable comparison and improvement of liver cancer research through collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups. In this review, we will focus on discussing epidemiological factors that result in deviations and changes in treatment approaches for HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1687533308000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence and therapeutic outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Vivek","family":"Chavda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology L M College of Pharmacy  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsee K.","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo  Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna Lynn","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo  Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankti","family":"Balar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Section L M College of Pharmacy  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Khadela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology L M College of Pharmacy  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dixa","family":"Vaghela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Section L M College of Pharmacy  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PharmD Section L M College of Pharmacy  Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Charles R.","family":"Ashby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy St. John's University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit K.","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo  Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201015\u20100578"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029\u2010017\u20109959\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499\u20103872(16)60181\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8157406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u201000240\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29913"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232\u2010016\u20100025\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20100691.2009.03035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i29.3603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.12945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14184473"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i33.11630"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M13\u20101133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.18.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022\u20101317\u201081\u20101\u201067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022\u20101317\u201083\u20108\u20102059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201020\u20101088"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i47.8808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182872f29"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u2010981\u201010\u20105765\u20106_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.150.5.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcr270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.154492.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a024935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i34.7824"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i10.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(99)06527\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30559"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102000\u20109505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(89)91016\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097\u20100215(19980130)75:3<347::aid\u2010ijc4>3.0.co;2\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602333"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v2092108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v4.i12.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v5.i10.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2013.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362\u2010028X\u201058.12.1395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Overall\u2026 Google Scholar.https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?journal=IARC+Monogr+Eval+Carcinog+Risks+Hum+Suppl&title=Overall+evaluations+of+carcinogenicity:+an+updating+of+IARC+Monographs+volumes+1+to+42&volume=7&publication_year=1987&pages=1\u2010440&pmid=3482203&. Accessed Nov. 21 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102407\u20109\u2010204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758\u20102652\u201014\u201053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23943"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038\u2010021\u201000928\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350427a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914937117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806268105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21467"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.4.883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20104159.2011.07423.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.15943"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v2i0.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010022\u201000688\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)30925\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10020046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416\u2010018\u20100007\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.199661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i18.5320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12818"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440\u20101746.17.s3.31.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665\u20102681(19)31822\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12903"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i12.1436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(16)30018\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2022.100727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535\u2010009\u20100128\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872\u2010034X.2011.00872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.CAN\u201006\u20103075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13841"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.808526"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.11.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182872f29"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010022\u201000588\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","unstructured":"Cancer Today.http:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/home. Accessed Nov. 23 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31288"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620\u2010019\u201005537\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31280"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15251"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010019\u20100186\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Asafo\u2010Agyei KO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000508568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33425\/2639\u20108478.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000484619"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(16)30161\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33767"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(21)00100\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901\u2010020\u201000554\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"USCS Data Visualizations.https:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/grasp\/USCS\/DataViz.html. Accessed Nov. 23 2022","DOI":"10.13037\/ci.vol25n53.8910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v10.i11.849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.293.5532.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169\u2010019\u20100230\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1609575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201003999\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VargheseRS ZhouY ChenY BarefootME TadesseM RessomHW.Epigenetic changes associated with mechanisms of disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Paper presented at:2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) Montreal QC Canada 2020 pp. 5320\u20135325; 2020. doi:10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176036","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.20.00425"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000\u20109604.2018.06.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.899420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1474097"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_173_1","unstructured":"Tenofovir Dosage Guide + Max Dose Adjustments. Drugs.com.https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/dosage\/tenofovir.html. Accessed 22 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v9.i1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_175_1","unstructured":"Hepatitis B.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-b. Accessed Nov. 20 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(17)30295\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102893.2008.01056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2017.27.3.11981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(02)11913\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12823"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264\u2010021\u201001109\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_185_1","unstructured":"PubChem Elbasvir.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/71661251. Accessed Dec. 30 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_186_1","unstructured":"PubChem Grazoprevir.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/44603531. Accessed Dec. 30 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(15)00114\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_188_1","unstructured":"PubChem Pibrentasvir.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/58031952. Accessed Dec. 30 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_189_1","unstructured":"PubChem Glecaprevir.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/66828839. Accessed Dec. 30 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy220"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_191_1","unstructured":"PubChem Ledipasvir.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/67505836. Accessed Dec. 30 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_192_1","unstructured":"PubChem Sovaldi.https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/45375808. Accessed Dec. 30 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1909301"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_199_1","unstructured":"Clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter prospective study\u2014PubMed.https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26599351\/. Accessed Nov. 20 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/gr913w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102019\u2010036663"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12\u201011\u20101321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603143341104"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_205_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Challenges of organ shortage for transplantation: solutions and opportunities","volume":"5","author":"Saidi RF","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Organ Transplant Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v7.i4.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8046378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000167925.90380.fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051\u20100443(07)61789\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_212_1","article-title":"Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for liver cancer","author":"Lee S","journal-title":"Can Cancer Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.24708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u201012\u2010814029\u20101.00001\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011872"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10061304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/638747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535\u2010019\u201001642\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)30207\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_220_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Opdivo (Nivolumab): second PD\u20101 inhibitor receives FDA approval for Unresectable or metastatic melanoma","volume":"8","author":"Raedler LA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411087"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_227_1","article-title":"FDA grants accelerated approval to nivolumab for HCC previously treated with sorafenib","author":"C. for D. E. and Research","year":"2019","journal-title":"FDA"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2020.11.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20100009.2009.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.7689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31159"}],"container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cnr2.1821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T12:55:10Z","timestamp":1752756910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cnr2.1821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"references-count":234,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cnr2.1821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1821","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-8348","2573-8348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-8348","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-8348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1821"}}