{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:46:03Z","timestamp":1764175563642,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA072720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA072720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immuno\u2010oncology therapy (IO) is associated with a variety of treatment\u2010related toxicities. However, the impact of toxicity on the treatment discontinuation rate between males and females is unknown. We hypothesized that immune\u2010related adverse events would lead to more frequent treatment changes in females since autoimmune diseases occur more frequently in females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to determine if there was a difference in the rate of immunotherapy treatment change due to toxicity between males and females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Oncology Research Information Exchange Network Avatar Database collected clinical data from 10 United States cancer centers. Of 1035 patients receiving IO, 447 were analyzed, excluding those who did not have documentation noting if a patient changed treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009573). Fifteen patients with unknown or gender\u2010specific cancer were excluded. All cancer types and stages were included. The primary endpoint was documented treatment change due to toxicity. Four hundred and forty\u2010seven patients (281 males and 166 females) received IO treatment. The most common cancers treated were kidney, skin, and lung for 99, 84, and 54 patients, respectively. Females had a shorter IO course than males (median 3.7 vs. 5.1\u2009months, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). Fifty\u2010four patients changed treatment due to toxicity. There was no significant difference between females and males on chi\u2010square test (11.4% vs. 12.5%, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.75) and multivariable logistic regression (OR 0.924, 95% CI 0.453\u20131.885, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.827). Significantly more patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) changed therapy due to toxicity (OR 2.491, 95% CI 1.025\u20136.054, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Females received a shorter course of IO than males. However, there was no significant difference in the treatment discontinuation rate due to toxicity between males and females receiving IO. Toxicity\u2010related treatment change was associated with COPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T15:59:18Z","timestamp":1704729558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing the rate of immunotherapy treatment change due to toxicity by sex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Chua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Kronstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Kaldany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnav","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai Krishnaraya","family":"Doppalapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public Health  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Tarhini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology Moffitt Cancer Center  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Gatti\u2010Mays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Gaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\/Oncology The University of Virginia Health System  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Hu\u2010Lieskovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Oncology University of Utah School of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raid","family":"Aljumaily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\/Oncology Stephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Nepple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Section of Urologic Oncology  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Division of 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