{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:01:19Z","timestamp":1791820879611,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Globally, pancreatic cancer poses a significant concern for public health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the burden of pancreatic cancer on varying income levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita data were utilised in this study. All countries were categorised into four groups based on their income levels. Age\u2010standardised incidence, mortality and disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were the primary parameters to analyse the burden of pancreatic cancer. The associations between pancreatic cancer burden and countries' economic levels were analysed with linear regression models. High\u2010income\u2010level countries generally had a higher burden compared to other income levels in 2021. Greenland had the highest rate of age\u2010standardised DALYs at 374.93 per 100\u2009000, followed by Uruguay (297.06) and Monaco (290.87). A higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was linked to a higher age\u2010standardised incidence (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.77, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.63, 0.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), mortality (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.72, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.59, 0.86, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and DALYs (\u03b2\u2009=\u200914.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u200911.38, 17.80, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). From 1990 to 2021, the pancreatic cancer burden increased across all income levels, with the most pronounced rise seen in lower\u2010middle\u2010income countries. Smoking\u2010related age\u2010standardised DALYs have decreased since 1990. However, there was a notable increase in males in upper\u2010middle\u2010income countries during the same period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, the pancreatic cancer burden has been increasing globally. The burden of pancreatic cancer varies significantly among countries with different income levels. Effective preventions are needed to control the burden of pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T08:29:46Z","timestamp":1739780986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distribution, Risk Factors and Epidemiological Trends of Pancreatic Cancer Across Countries\u2019 Income Levels: A Comprehensive Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sofia Laila","family":"Wik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Karolinska Institute  Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire Chenwen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apurva","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Adam Smith Business School, College of Social Science, University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Jinan University\u2010University of Birmingham Joint Institute, Jinan University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanyu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa  Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sze Chai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shui Hang","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuff Adebayo","family":"Adebisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-2646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqiu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Don Eliseo","family":"Lucero\u2010Prisno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. 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