{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:54:02Z","timestamp":1776434042179,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypercalcemia is a common complication of advanced malignancy and a palliative care emergency. Its incidence increases in the later stages of the disease and is linked to a poor prognosis. Understanding the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with malignancy\u2010related hypercalcemia is crucial for developing targeted interventions and enhancing overall palliative care for advanced cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to provide baseline data on the prevalence, clinical presentation, and factors associated with hypercalcemia among advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 155 advanced cancer patients admitted to the Department of Palliative Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from June to December 2023. Data were collected through patient histories, physical examinations, and laboratory analyses. Statistical tests, including Chi\u2010square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test (for skewed data), were used to examine associations between socio\u2010demographic and disease\u2010related variables and serum calcium levels. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify factors affecting hypercalcemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the participants, 20% had hypercalcemia, with 51.6% experiencing mild, 25.8% severe, and 22.6% moderate hypercalcemia. Head\u2010and\u2010neck cancers (12.9%) and gastrointestinal malignancies (22.6%) were more common in hypercalcemic patients. Lethargy, polyuria, polydipsia, constipation and dehydration were more prevalent among hypercalcemic participants. However, lethargy, nausea, confusion, drowsiness, abdominal pain, and constipation, which are typically more common in hypercalcemic patients, were more frequent in the normocalcemic group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age between 41 and 65\u2009years, male sex, poor performance status, and a short disease duration (up to 6\u2009months) were significant risk factors for developing hypercalcemia among cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant hypercalcemia affected nearly one\u2010fourth of patients with advanced malignancy in our study setting. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the common symptoms of hypercalcemia and to regularly monitor calcium levels in advanced cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T08:14:28Z","timestamp":1741767268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Among Advanced Cancer Patients Attending Palliative Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7120-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafsana","family":"Rouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K. M. Motiur Rahman","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afroja","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostofa Kamal","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2018.05.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Disorders of Calcium Metabolism: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia","volume":"13","author":"Tinawi M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/ASJO-2022-27-(371)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.2016.006890"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"Treatment Outcomes and Survival in Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: A Grave Metabolic Emergency","volume":"15","author":"Gupta S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1039490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Electrolyte Disorders in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review","volume":"5","author":"Berardi R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1281731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2013.19.7.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5893.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.0068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2113128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyn020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.6.3815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.19.8423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12161"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"S197","article-title":"Prognostic Factors of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy","volume":"101","author":"Sookprasert A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prevalence and Potential Impact on Palliative Care","volume":"7","author":"Alsirafy S. 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