{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1788825680659,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant contributor to male mortality globally, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Various factors play a role in its onset and progression. The impact of trace elements and other risk factors on the survival of PCa patients is not extensively studied in this setting. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of demographic characteristics, clinical factors, laboratory investigations, therapeutic aspects, and trace elements on the occurrence of mortality in this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 94 PCa patients was included in this study. Among them, 22 (23.40%) deceased, while 72 (76.60%) survived during a 5\u2010year follow\u2010up period. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory investigations, therapeutic aspects, and trace element levels (in tissues and urine) were gathered and analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted to pinpoint mortality predictors, with Cox regression utilized to account for variable impacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In multivariate analyses, age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]\u2009=\u20091.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025), prostate\u2010specific antigen [PSA] (aHR\u2009=\u20091.01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037), hemoglobin (aHR\u2009=\u20090.69; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010), and the presence of metastases (aHR\u2009=\u20093.83; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037) were identified as significant predictors of mortality. Furthermore, elevated levels of urinary strontium (aHR\u2009=\u20091.08; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), manganese (aHR\u2009=\u20091.51; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), and cobalt (aHR\u2009=\u20091.30; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030) were linked to an increased risk of mortality. Conversely, higher levels of tissue copper were associated with a reduced risk of death (aHR\u2009=\u20090.99; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results obtained have indicated that specific trace elements, along with age, PSA level, hemoglobin level, and the presence of metastases, are predictive of mortality in PCa patients in the DRC. Enhanced comprehension and control of these factors may lead to improved survival outcomes. Additional investigation is warranted to validate these correlations and to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:17:59Z","timestamp":1741753079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Mortality Risk Factors in Prostate Cancer: Impact of Demographic, Clinical, Laboratory, Therapeutic, and Trace Element Influences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3776-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pitchou Mukaz","family":"Mbey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Diasiama Kuntima","family":"Diangienda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6902-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Mukuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur Des Techniques M\u00e9dicales  Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy Kalau","family":"Arung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lestin Lubaba","family":"Banza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpha Tsita","family":"Mafuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu Nkumu","family":"Loposso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5507-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bienvenu Massamba","family":"Lebwaze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustin Maole\u2010Lembe","family":"Punga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy Ilunga","family":"Nday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Lubumbashi  Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieudonn\u00e9 Molamba","family":"Moningo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology, Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"J.Ferlay M.Ervik F.Lam et\u00a0al. \u201cGlobal Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. 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