{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1789563966681,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacovigilance has revealed an alarming correlation between certain medications and a higher risk of cancer. In this narrative review, included research from 2020 to 2025, along with a few seminal older studies, so that it provides a clear picture of which drugs actually set off cancer and mechanisms involved at the molecular level. An extensive literature review of the subject was designed on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science using systematic search. Search words and phrases included: \u201cCarcinogenic drugs,\u201d \u201cdrug\u2010induced cancer,\u201d \u201cmedication\u2010induced carcinogenesis,\u201d \u201cimmunosuppressant cancer risk,\u201d \u201chormone therapy and cancer,\u201d \u201cchemotherapy\u2010induced secondary malignancies,\u201d and names of relevant drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our discussion covers a broad spectrum of drugs, including immunosuppressants, hormone therapies, and chemotherapy agents that can unsurprisingly cause secondary cancers. The review has addressed that there are other medications with solid evidence linking them to cancer. The review focuses on how cancers are induced by chemicals through DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, chronic inflammation, immunological suppression, and receptor\u2010mediated signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A thorough understanding of the risk and mechanisms is essential for the design of safer therapies, implementation of risk reduction strategies, and advancement of informed prescribing practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T03:04:53Z","timestamp":1775617493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carcinogenic Medications: A Review of Specific Agents and Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Desta","family":"Seyoum Tadesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalkidan","family":"Tekletsadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2572-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berhan","family":"Begashaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awgichew","family":"Shewasinad Yehualashet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9866-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awol","family":"Mekonnen Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kassahun Dires","family":"Ayenew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University  Debre Berhan Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2022.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","volume-title":"15th Report on Carcinogens","author":"Program NT","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297920140059"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Koya A. 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